- ( , , ) , . - , . .
π ()
π = ν ; | (3.1) |
-
| π = | RT, |
| (3.2) | |
ν - ( );
- (1,38∙10-23);
R - ;
, .
π1 π2 ( = const)
π1 = ν1 | π2 = ν2 . | (3.3) |
,
|
| π1 | = | ν1 |
(3.4) |
π2 | ν2 |
. , , , .
(, , ) , , , :
| π1 @ ν1 @ |
; | π2 @ ν2 @ |
, | (3.5) | ||
4/3 π r13 ρ1 | 4/3 π r23 ρ1 |
| π1 | = | ν1 | = | r23 |
, |
(3.6) |
π2 | ν2 | r13 |
r1 r2 I II ;
ρ1 .
, .
( )
|
D = | , |
|
(3.7) | |
6 π ή0 r |
D ;
η0 ;
r ,
-
∆2 = 2 D t, | (3.8) |
∆2 r η t.
( ), . , D, r, N .
|
|
= 4/3 π r3 ρ1 N | , | (3.9) |
(, , ) , .
U ρ1 ρ2 , m, r, ή , ( )
| U = | mg | = | V (ρ1 ρ0) g |
, |
(3.10) |
B | 6 π ή r |
V - ;
g - .
Sc
| S = | m | = | V (ρ1 ρ0) |
, |
(3.11) |
B | 6 π ή r |
, , () ,
|
r = |
| 9 ή ln (x1 / x0) |
|
, |
(3.12) | |
r (ρ1 ρ0) ω2 t |
x0 - ;
x1 - t;
ω - .
, , . , .
: .
105 g. ,
|
m = | Sc | , |
|
(3.13) |
D (1 - V ρ) |
D - ;
- ;
Sc - ;
V - ;
ρ - .
, .
(103 104) g. , . .
, ,
| m = | 2 t ln (c2 / c1) |
, |
|
(3.14) |
ω2 (1 - V ρ) (x22 - x12) |
1 2 - 1 2 .
|
|
. 1 2 .
( ) - , (h ),
| ln | νh | = | Uc g (ρ1 - ρ0) | h |
, |
(3.15) |
ν0 | K T |
νh - h.
() hl, :
| h = | Sc |
, |
|
(3.16) |
Uc g (ρ1 - ρ0) |
() , .
| 1 |
= | B |
= | 9 r |
, |
(3.17) |
S | m | 2 r2 (ρ1 ρ0) |
, .
1. , , 60, 10,65 . 200, 1,05∙10-3 ∙/2.
Δ t - (3.8):
∆2 = 2 D t.
(3.7):
D = / 6 π ή r.
r = K T ∙ 2 t / ∆2 6 π ή.
r = | 1,38∙10-23∙293∙2∙60 | = | H∙∙∙∙2 | =2,16∙10-7 |
10,652∙10-12∙6∙3,14∙1,05∙103 | ∙2∙∙ |
2. 1 3,7 , 1,5 - 3,78 . ( ) , 8700 /, 19,3 /3, 1 /3, 1∙10-3 ∙.
, (3.12):
r = |
| 9 ή ln (x1 / x2) |
|
, | ω = 2 π n, | |
r (ρ1 ρ0) ω2 t |
堠 ω - ,
n - /.
r = |
| 9∙1∙10-3∙ ln 3,78/3,7 |
| = 1,87∙10-9 = 1,87 |
2∙(19,3-1)∙103∙4∙3,142∙1452∙30∙60 |
3. , - SiO2 . , 0,2 -1. SiO2 2,7 /3, 1 /3, 298 .
- (3.15):
ln | νh | = | U g (ρ - ρ0) (h2 h1) |
, |
|
ν0 | K T |
U = 3 π d /6 ( );
d = 1/ D ( ).
Δh = | ln 2∙1,38∙10-23∙298∙6 | = 2,61 |
3,14∙(5∙10-9)3∙9,81∙(2,7-1)∙103 |
4. 7,2∙10-3 As2S3 1∙10-3 3. 2∙10-8 . 273 , 2,8∙103 /3.
|
|
. (3.1):
π = ν |
1 3
ν = | V | = | m / ρ |
, |
|
V | π d3 / 6 |
ν/1∙10-3 3.
π = | ln 2∙1,38∙10-23∙298∙6 | = 2,61 |
3,14∙(5∙10-9)3∙9,81∙(2,7-1)∙103 |
5. ( ) 273 2,31 /2. 7,2∙10-3 As2S3 1∙10-3 3. , As2S3 2,8 /3, 1∙10-3 ∙.
π = ν |
ν = | 2,31 | = 6,13∙1020; |
1,38∙10-23∙273 |
| V = | V | = | m ∙ ρ | = 4,19∙10-24 3; |
|
ν | V ∙ ν |
r = |
| 3∙V |
| = 1,0∙10-8 ; | |
4∙π |
D = | ∙ | = | 1,38∙10-23∙273 | = 2,0∙10-10 2/. |
6 π η r | 6∙3,14∙1∙10-3∙1∙10-8 |
6. , 25 : h1 = 0,1; h2 = 0,15; 2,8∙103 /3; 1∙103 /3; n = 2000 /; η = 1∙10-3 ∙.
ω = 2 π n / 60 | = 209,3 -1. |
r = |
| 9∙1∙10-3∙ ln 0,15/0,1 |
| =1,24∙10-7 . | |
2∙2,8∙103∙209,32∙25∙60 |
7. AgCl2 : r= 100 ; ρ1=5,6∙103 /3; ρ0= 1,0∙103 /3; η=1∙10-3 ∙; h=8 ; ω2R =200g.
| U = | H | = | 2 (ρ ρ0) g r2 |
; |
|
t | 9 ήo |
t1 = | 9 ηo h | = | 9∙1∙10-3∙0,08 | =7,98∙105 c |
2 (ρ ρ0) g r2 | 2∙4,6∙10-3∙9,81∙10-14 |
t2 = | 9 ηo h | = | 9∙1∙10-3∙0,08 |
=3,98∙105 c
|
2(ρ ρ0) ω2Rr2 | 2∙4,6∙10-3∙9,81∙200∙10-14 |
t1/t2 = 2
8. () : n 1000 /; ρ1 1,3∙103 /3; ρ0 1∙103 /3; η0 1∙10-3 ∙, h1 0,15 5 h2 0,18 .
|
|
= |
| 9 ή |
ω = 2 π n/60 = 104,66, |
2 (ρ ρ0) ω2 r |
| = |
| 9∙1∙10-3 | = 3,7∙10-5 | |
2∙0,3∙10-13∙10955 |
| r = 3,7∙10-5 |
| ln 0,18/0,15 |
| = 9,12∙10-7 . | |
5∙60 |