.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


 

, p q, , .. σ2 . , . , , , , , . .

, , , , . , (), .

 

AR (p)

AR (p), (2.1), -. AR (p) σ2. ( + 1) . -

(2.35)

Γ - ; γ = [γ(1),..., γ(p)] T.

γ(j), j = 0,..., p -

(2.36)

 

(2.35) .

, > 0, m = 1, 2,..., (2.36)

 

(2.37)

(2.38)

 

- * .

, AR ( 1) AR (2) - (2.37)

,

 

- j - .

 

.

, , ( ) , , , , .

, -, , -. AR () [4]

n - .

 

(q)

(q) . () (q) [1]:

1. , at = 0 t ≤ 0. , , , , a 1 = Xt a 2 = X 2 - θ1 a 1. , -.

2. at, t ≤ 0 , . . -, , -, . - .

(1),

Xt = at + θ at -1, t = 1,, T.

x 1,..., xT a 1,..., aT a 0 ()

a 1 = X 1 θ a 0,

a 2 = X 2 θ a 1 = X 2 θ(X 1 θ a 0),

...

a T = XT θ aT 1.

θ , x 1,..., xT a 0,

Q (θ) = a 12 + a 22 +... + aT 2,

θ. (q). , , , θ.

, q (q) , (2.18). ρ1, ρ2,..., ρ q θ1, θ2,.., θ q q q . θ , (2.18) . ( ) θ a 0, . , θ < 1, θ 1.

, a 0 = 0. a 0 , , a 0 = 0, a 0 . MA (q) q > 1: , a 0 = a -1 =... = a - q +1 = 0. (-), a 0, a -1,..., a - q +1.

 

ARMA (p, q)

, . p + q + 1

. c . (2.29), 󠠠

, . .

, , θ.

ARMA (p, q) [2,7]. . , , , ( , ) .

, , , .

 

, . . , { at } . , at - , . at. , , .

( a 2) .

. , () , . , . , , , () .

 



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