1) to learn by ()
2) sensory ()
3) () the facts
4) () in memory
5) () correctly
6) information ()
5. Match the two parts of the expressions and translate:
| o To resemble o The center o To understand o The phenomenon o To encode (, ) o Visual o Sources | of consciousness representation of the word of information words after-images the meaning of attention |
6. Translate the phrases from the text:
, , , , , , , , , , , , .
7. Translate chains of words:
1) To process, processing, process
2) House, to house
3) Store, to store, storage
4) Weight, to weigh 
5) To attend, attention
6) To execute, executive
7) To inform, information
8) Date, data, data center,
9) To be aware of, awareness
8. Translate into Russian. Do you agree with these proverbs?
1) Creditors have better memories than debtors.
2) Liars have need of good memories.
3) That which was bitter to endure (, , ) may be sweet to remember.
9. Do the matching:
| o To collect o To remember o To select o To process o To store o To transfer o To resemble o To encode o To attend o To keep in memory o To divide o To support | Information Numbers Facts Data Thoughts Ideas Material After-images Words Sounds Pictures Attention |
Answer the questions using essential vocabulary of the topic. Get prepared for the interview on the topic.
- How many kinds of memory are there?
- What information does sensory memory contain?
- What do sensory memory materials resemble?
- Where are these materials transferred to?
- How do you transfer sensory data to the short-term store?
- For how much time can we keep information in STM?
- What is the name of a permanent memory system?
- What should we do to transfer information from STM to LTM?
- What are 2 ways to remember something well?
- What kind of memory do you need to memorize the answers to these questions?
- Read the following text and translate it using an English-Russian dictionary
Learning By Heart
Some people have good memories, and can learn easily long poems by heart. But they often forget them as quickly as they learn them. There are other people who can only remember things when they repeat them many times, and then they don't forget them.
Charles Dickens, the famous English author, said he could walk down any long street in London and then tell you the name of every shop he had passed. Many of the great men of the world have had wonderful memories.
A good memory is a good help in learning a language. Everybody learns his own language by remembering what he hears when he is a small child, and some children like boys and girls who live abroad with their parents seem to learn two languages almost as easily as one. In school it is not so easy to learn a second language because the pupils have so little time for it, and they are busy with other subjects as well.
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The best way for most of us to remember things is to join them in our mind with something which we know already, or which we easily remember because we have a picture of it in our mind. That is why it is better to learn words in sentences, not by themselves; or to see, or do, or feel what a word means when we first use it.
The human mind is rather like a camera, but it takes photographs not only of what we see but of what we feel, hear, smell and taste. And there is much work to be done before we can make a picture remain forever in the mind.
Memory is the diary that we all carry about with us.
12. Look through the text and say:
1. Which is the best way to remember things.
2. What our memory is compared with in the text.
13. Give the general idea of the text in English.
14. Make up a list of your own recommendations for remembering things properly.
15. Pick up the following phrases from the text:
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .
16. Read the following text and translate it using an English-Russian dictionary
Music and Memory
Some people are able to listen to isolated musical notes and identify them correctly. This rare musical gift is known as perfect pitch or absolute pitch (pitch - , ). It is not something that can be learned. Either you have the ability or you haven't. But most people, given the necessary musical training, can acquire what is known as relative pitch. This is the ability to compare two notes accurately, to name a note by reference to one which has already been played and named.
The interesting thing about the difference between these two abilities is that they make use of different brain functions. According to existing evidence, relative pitch is a feature of a highly-trained memory. But people with perfect pitch don't seem to be using memory at all. Instead they seem to have some set of internal standards that allows them to name a note without comparing it to anything previously heard.
Researchers at the University of Illinois in the USA used this difference to try and identify the parts of the brain used in updating short-term memory. They compared the brain waves of two groups of musicians as they tried to identify a series of computer-generated musical notes. One group had perfect pitch, the other used relative pitch.
Each person's brain waves were measured by electrodes placed near the front of the head. The really interesting finding was that what are known as P300 waves were produced in abundance by the group of musicians without perfect pitch, but scarcely (, , ) 
at all by those with perfect pitch. The P300 wave, then, seems to be an indicator of how much use the brain is making of short-term memory.
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Scientists had suspected this, but if the only difference between the mental activities of the two groups was whether they were using short-term memory or not, the research appears to confirm it. Psychiatrists now know more about which parts of the brain are associated with short-term memory, but the musical gift of perfect pitch is as much of a mystery as ever.
(by John Wilson, from BBC English)
