.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





 

. -, - , , (. 4.7).

3 . . 5 . 5 .

:

- 10 (.4.1) , , .. , ;

- , ;

  . 4.7.

 

- 12 (. 4.1), 11 , 1 . 15 ;

- 8 () , 9 , , ;

- , ( );

- ;

- 13 , hg, :

 

(4.9)

 

hg c , ; h , ; m , .

11 (.4.1) 3 , 0,02 ; 12 (.4.1), 10, , , , 8 .

 

 

, , ( ), , , . 4.8.

(. 4.8) .

 

. 4.8.

 

 

 

1. ࠠ m,

2. ⠠ Z

3. D,

4. ࠠ b,

5. ࠠ Z

6. ______________

 

m, Z, D Z, .4.9.

 

4.8

______ 5MI4

 

: V = /

L =.

 

 

( )

z = z =.

 

 

4.8

( ) s = /. m × z =.

 

 

s = /. t = .

 

 

L = , b 1 = .

 

 

h = , = .

 

 

s

         

 

ࠠ :_____________

:_____________

 

 

1. . 514?

2. .

3. ?

4. .

5. ?

6. .

7. .

8. ( ).

9. .

10. ?

 

 

4.9

 

m =1,5

Z =68

m =2,0

Z =50

m =2,5

Z =40

D Z D Z D Z
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 75,0 48 28 148,0 72 55 145,0 56
2 73,5 47 29 144,0 70 56 142,5 55
3 72,0 46 30 142,0 69 57 140,0 54
4 70,5 45 31 140,0 68 58 135,0 52
5 69,0 44 32 136,0 66 59 130,0 50
6 67,5 43 33 134,0 65 60 125,0 48
7 66,0 42 34 132,0 64 61 120,0 46
8 64,5 41 35 128,0 62 62 117,5 45
9 63,0 40 36 126,0 61 63 115,0 44
10 61,5 39 37 124,0 60 64 110,0 42
11 60,0 38 38 122,0 59 65 105,0 40
12 58,5 37 39 120,0 58 66 102,5 39
13 57,0 36 40 118,0 57 67 100,0 38
14 55,5 35 41 116,0 56 68 95,0 36
15 54,0 34 42 114,0 55 69 92,5 35
16 52,5 33 43 112,0 54 70 90,0 34
17 51,0 32 44 110,0 53 71 85,0 32
18 49,5 31 45 108,0 52 72 80,0 30
19 48,0 30 46 106,0 51 73 77,5 29
20 46,5 29 47 104,0 50 74 75,0 28
21 45,0 28 48 102,0 49 75 72,5 27
22 43,5 27 49 100 48 76 70,0 26
23 42,0 26 50 98 47 77 67,5 25
24 40,5 25 51 96 46 78 65,0 24
25 39 24 52 94 45 79 62,5 23
26 37,5 23 53 92 44 80 60,0 22
27 36 22 54 90 43 81 57,5 21

m =3,0

z =34

m =3,5

z =28

m =4,0

z =25

D z D z D z
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
82 147,0 47 107 147,0 40 133 148,0 35

4.9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
83 144,0 46 108 143,5 39 134 144,0 34
84 141,0 45 109 140,0 38 135 140,0 33
85 138,0 44 110 136,5 37 136 136,0 32
86 135,0 43 111 133,0 36 137 132,0 31
87 132,0 42 112 129,5 35 138 128,0 30
88 129,0 41 113 126,0 34 139 124,0 29
89 126,0 40 114 122,5 33 140 120,0 28
90 123,0 39 115 119,0 32 141 116,0 27
91 120,0 38 116 115,5 31 142 112,0 26
92 117,0 37 117 112,0 30 143 108,0 25
93 114,0 36 118 108,5 29 144 104,0 24
94 111,0 35 119 105,0 28 145 100,0 23
95 108,0 34 120 101,5 27 146 96,0 22
96 105,0 33 121 98,0 26 147 92,0 21
87 102,0 32 122 94,5 25 148 88,0 20
98 99,0 31 123 91,0 24 149 84,0 19
99 96,0 30 124 87,5 23 150 80,0 18
90 93,0 29 125 84,0 22 151 76,0 17
100 90,0 28 126 80,5 21 152 - -
101 87,0 27 127 77,0 20 153 - -
102 84,0 26 128 73,5 19 154 - -
103 81,0 25 129 70 18 155 - -
104 78,0 24 130 66,5 17 156 - -
105 75,0 23 131 - - 157 - -
106 72,0 22 132 - - 158 - -

 

: 1 12 18 ;

-″-″-″- 13 27 22 ;

-″-″-″- 28 30 28 ;

-″-″-″- 31 42 32 ;

-″-″-″- 43 54 36 ;

-″-″-″- 55 66 40 ;

-″-″-″- 67 80 42 ;

-″-″-″- 81 93 46 ;

-″-″- 񠠠 94 106 50 ;

-″-″- 񠠠 107 120 34 ;

-″-″- 񠠠 121 133 28 ;

-″-″- 񠠠 134 140 48 ;

-″-″- 񠠠 141 147 54 ;

-″-″- 񠠠 148 153 56 ;

-″-″- 񠠠 154 158 60 .






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