I am a second year student of the Bratsk State Technical University. My future speciality is heat engineering. I would like to tell you about my future profession.
Heat engineering (or heat technology) is a scientific subject and a branch of engineering embracing the heat generation methods, heat transformation, heat distribution, heat transmission and so on.
Heat&power engineering is the heat engineering branch embracing transforming of heat into other forms of energy, such as mechanical, electrical one with the help of thermal (heat) engines, electrical and other machines. Heat transformation takes place at thermal power stations fired by coal, oil, atomic fuel, the Earth underground heat, solar energy and etc.
But environmental experts consider thermal power plants to be ecologically unpure. To avert catastrophe the world must cut back use of fossil fuels such as coal and oil, natural gas.
The most visionary alternatives to fossil fuels are the so-called renewables: solar energy, geothermal, wind and hydropower. Each is promising.
The experts find that even if nuclear energy can be made more acceptable, it will replace only a small portion of the fossil fuels. Oil and natural gas carry most of the load. So even doubling nuclear capacity would not dramatically reduce carbon-dioxide emissions.
Major changes will have to be made in the way plants are designed, built and operated. Most experts agree new plants will have to be smaller that are now the industry standards.
Still, the fact is that thermal power plants generate about 80% of total electric energy production in our country and are the basic source of power supply.
I shall work at a thermal power plant as an engineer after graduating from the University. I think that the main task facing me is to increase many times the capacity of the thermal power plants and to equip them with high-capacity heat generating units. But in order to obtain heat we ought to abandon the conventional sources of heat energy in favour of new and promising ones.
4. ,
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1. , , , ..
2. , , , .
3. , .
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4. .
5. .
5. Memory test. ( ), :
1. . a branch of engineering embracing the heat generation methods, heat transformation.
2. . is the heat engineering branch embracing transformation of heat into other forms of energy.
3. . atomic fuel, the Earth underground heat, solar energy and so on.
4. . the world must cut back use of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, natural gas.
5. . it will replace only a small portion of the fossil fuels.
6. . , . .
1. I am . student of the Bratsk State Technical University.
2. My future speciality .
3. Heat engineering is . embracing the heat.methods
4. Heat power engineering is branch, transforming into other .
5. Heat transforming at thermal power stations.
6. The most visionary to fossil fuels are
7. To avert the world use of fossil fuels such as:
7. , . :
1. Are you an engineer?
2. Where do you study?
3. Your future speciality is heat engineering, isnt it?
4. What is heat engineering?
5. What is heat power engineering?
6. Are thermal power plants ecologically pure?
7. What are the most visionary alternatives to fossil fuels?
8. Can nuclear energy replace the fossil fuels or not?
9. Is it necessary to equip thermal power plants with high-capacity heat-generating units?
10. What main problems ought you to solve in future as heat engineer?
8. Heat Power Engineering . .
9. . .
Where do we use heat?
What are the sources of heat?
9.1. My future speciality is heat-engineering. We use heat to do a lot of useful things, namely, to heat our houses, to transport us from one place to another and so on. Automobiles, trams, airplanes are moved by changing heat energy to other forms of energy.
Specialists and scientists of our country made great contribution to the development of this branch of energetic. For example, Lomonosov M.V. laid the foundation for the present-day molecular-kinetic theory of heat. The unit of heat is called a therm or a calorie: the latter term appears to come from the Latin word calor which means heat.
9.2. The present thermal power stations are not ecologically pure. So scientists try to replace the conventional fuel (gas, oil, coal) with adequate ones such as tidal energy, wind and solar energy which have no environmental pollution effect. The time is not far off when cheap thermal energy of subterranean water will be widely used in the national economy. It will make possible to employ such valuable raw materials as coal, oil, gas mainly in the chemical industry. Even now the hot subterranean water is being used for heating blocks of flats and hot-houses, and for medical purposes in Kamchatka.
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9.3. In the future it is planned to build condensation thermal power plants with capacity of 4 or 6 million KW each. It is planned to reduce residential oil consumption as fuel, primarily at thermal power stations. It is envisaged to centralize heat supply on mostly high-capacity power-and-heating plants using organic and nuclear fuel, heating nuclear power stations and large boiler houses.
10. 1) , 2) .
AUTOMATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTION PROCESSES
1. :
| automation | []:tc!mew•cn] | |
| propery | [!pr]pclw] | , |
| substantially | [scb!stæn•clw] | , 蠠 |
| contribute | [kcn!trwbju:t] | |
| efficiency | [w!fw•cnsw] | |
| device | [dw!vaws] | , |
| replace | [rw!plews] | , |
| human | [!hju:mcn] | , |
| mechanical | [mw!kænwkcl] | |
| mechanization | [7mekcnawzew•cn] | |
| machine | [ma!•w:n] | , |
| sphere | [sfwc] | , |
| exceed | [wk!sw:d] | , |
| chemical | [!kemwkcl] | |
| require | [rw!kwawc] | |
| turbine | [!tc:bwn] | |
| consumer | [kcnsju:mc] | |
| technique | [tek!nw:k] | , |
| equipment | [wk!wwpmcnt] | |
| cultured | [kžlcd] |
2. :
Advance, technology, production, specialize, process, station, regulate.
3. :
1. Which, at present, are, there, systems, use, techniques, several, automatic, different.
2. Technology, an, plays, in, advances, important, automation, part, great, of, the.
3. And, processes, I, in, production, specializing, am, automation, technological, of.
4. , since.
1. Glass has been widely used since the ancient times.
2. Since matter is the basic working material in our world, we ought to learn as much as possible about it.
3. Mechanization has been going on since long before the industrial revolution.
4. Gasoline is a hydrocarbon, since it is made up of hydrogen and carbon compounds.
5. .
Advanced Mechanization
Mechanization has been going on steadily since long before the industrial revolution, and a few of the early lathes and looms were so highly automatic that their operators were left with only the skilled work of setting and maintaining them and the unskilled work of loading and unloading them. What has happened since then is that more improved machinery of this kind has gradually been installed while the burden of loading, unloading and handling between operations has been lightened and in some factories almost completely removed.
There are many good examples of highly automatic machinery today the textile machines are used in many processes, and the automatic lathes and transfer-machines are used in engineering. The transfer-machine is perhaps the best example; it is really a series of machine tools, each doing one operation automatically.
The handling of goods in factories is being rapidly mechanized.
6. .
) automation, automatic, automatically
1. means control of processes and machinery.
2. Instruments start and stop the turbines.
b) machine, machinery
1. Our industries have many kinds of automatic today.
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2. The first were semi-automatic.
c) mechanical, mechanization, mechanism
1. The properties of semiconductors vary greatly.
2. is the first step of automation.
3. of the human brain is very complicated.
7. .
Automation
Automation is a new word for a new purpose. Many people are surprised to learn that in industries like chemical and oil-refining entire processes have become very nearly () automatic. Electronic computers are becoming very good at routine clerical work in offices and factories.
Automation has many sides. It includes, for example, developments that are no more, that advanced mechanization-transfer-machines in engineering, many kinds of machinery for making finished goods, and mechanical equipment for handling and assembly. Machines of this kind are automatic in that they do the actual work on their own; the operators only watch them and correct them whenever they go wrong when, for instance, tools wear out.
But automation can also mean automatic control of processes and machinery, and this is a very different thing from mechanization, though the two go together. Control is necessary in a vast number of processes in order to maintain the quality of a product when the operating conditions, such as temperature and pressure, change from time to time.
8. :
1. What is automation?
2. What industries have become very nearly automatic?
3. What is the difference between automation and automatic control?
4. What is the purpose of automatic control?
5. Where are electronic computers employed?
9. , , , .
1. Automatic control appears in many fields.
2. Thermal power stations are being constructed in many countries.
10. :
1. History provides very early examples of automatic control.
2. A system of control usually consists of three basic units one that measures, one that controls, and one that corrects.
11. .
My speciality
I am a student of the Bratsk State Technical University. I am specializing in automation of technological and production processes.
Automation plays an important part in the great advances in technology. Automation, properly coordinated with other phases of technology, can substantially contribute to production efficiency.
Man has always been interested in devices and machines that would do things for him. Automation replaces human by mechanical power, it continues a process of mechanization which began before the industrial revolution two centuries ago. The first machines were semi-automatic, they performed automatically, but the unskilled work of loading and unloading and the skilled work of maintaining the machines had to be performed by a human operator. Since then technical development has been gradual and continuous; what is being done in this sphere at present greatly exceeds what has been done in the past.
At present we have many almost fully automatic enterprises: power stations with remote control, chemical plants where men have only to keep watch over automatic units. Take, for example, the Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station, one of the biggest in the world, which is controlled by only two men. Some hydroelectric power plants have such level of mechanization that dont require the instant presence of man at all. Instruments automatically start and stop the turbines, send the power to the consumer, regulate the water input.
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There are several automatic systems at present which use different techniques. But in each case mechanisms perform the process of production and the human operator has only to control the operation of process. In some kinds of work automatic machinery is more accurate and reliable than human workers. The worker in the plant with modern automatic equipment regulates the production process and controls the thinking machines. But the operation of these machines, the latest modern equipment and automatic regulators requires highly skilled, cultured people with good knowledge of technology.
Automation of all industrial processes is of great importance at todays stage of the engineering development.
MOTOR TRANSPORT
1. . , .
| motor | [!m]utc] | |
| passenger | [!pæswnc] | |
| national | [!næ•ncl] | |
| industry | [!wndcstrw] | |
| auto | [!]:t] (u)] | |
| diesel | [!dw:zl] | |
| chassis | [!•æswz] | |
| specialization | [7spe•claw!zew•n] | |
| automobile | [!]:t]mcbl] | |
| effectiveness | [w!fektwvnws] | |
| transport | [!trænsp]:t] | |
| distance | [!dwst (c) ns] | |
| economy | [i:!k]ncmw] | |
| carburettor | [!ka:bc!retc] | |
| component | [kcm!p]uncnt] | |
| trailer | [!trewlc] | |
| tractor | [!træktc] | |
| specific | [spw!swfwk] | |
| specialized | [!spe•(c)lawzd] | |
| electrical | [w!lektrwk (c)l] | |
| utilization | [7ju:twlaw!zew•n] |
2. , .
Motor Transport
I study at the faculty of the Mechanical Controllable Systems of the Bratsk State Technical University. My future speciality will be Motor Transport.
Motor transport is a kind of transport for carrying freight and passengers along railless road on short and long distances.
The world of automotive technology is changing at lightning speed. Now we cant imagine our life without motor transport. The main tasks of transport are to ensure timely, high-quality and full satisfaction of the needs of the economy and the population in conveyance.
There are the following groups of autos: transport vehicles, special-duty lorries and racing cars. Transport vehicles are for carrying cargo and people. They are divided into cargo-carrying ones, cars and buses. Racing cars are meant for contents.
An auto consists of the following components:
a) the engine; b) the framework; c) the mechanism that transmits the power from engine to the wheels; d) the body.
Now motor industry continues developing and perfecting. General vehicle configuration becomes a very important area of change. Cars are expected to be smaller, lighter, more efficient. Low pollution automotive emissions, the troubles of auto-designers, are technologically possible. It should be added that innovations are the driving force in automotive industry. They have contributed towards making mobility more efficient, more reliable and more environmentally comfortable. The new energy for the car of tomorrow is the problem to solve as well. Modern vehicles are equipped with electronic devices. Automatic control of automobiles and trucks on highway becomes a practical reality. The need to integrate electronic systems through the vehicle has never been more important. The systems can provide voice-activated control of key electronic and electrical components while offering navigation, data exchange, e-mail and entertainment capabilities. Instrument system allows drivers to view a wide range of instruments in analog, digital or combined display.
I believe that despite environmental, sociological, technological considerations an interesting future lies ahead for the automotive industry.
3. , :
, , , , , , .
4. :
. . . . : , , . , , . . , , .. .
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5. :
1. What faculty do you study at?
2. What can you say about motor transport?
3. What are the main tasks of transport today?
4. What groups of auto can you call?
5. What main members does an auto consist of?
6. :
1. motor transport;
2. the main groups of autos and their application;
3. the main components of every auto;
4. electronic systems in vehicle;
5. innovations as a driving force in automotive industry.
7. , .
a) The main tasks of transport are to ensure timely, high quality and full satisfaction of the needs of the economy and the population in conveyance and to raise the economic efficiency of its operation.
To carry out the above-mentioned tasks it is necessary:
to ensure coordinated development of the countrys integral system and its cooperation with other sectors of the economy, improve the coordination of the work of all types of transport, eliminate unprofitable transport operations, reduce the time of delivery of cargoes and ensure their safety;
to speed up the development and introduction of advanced machinery and technology and strengthen the material, technical and repair base, etc.
b) In motor transport it is necessary to increase the efficiency of the use of motor vehicles, first of all, through the wide use trailers and semi-trailers and reduction of unproductive idle time, no-load runs by motor vehicles and unprofitable conveyance.
To develop and improve transportation under centralized management. To ensure the priority development of public motor transport.
To improve the structure of the motor vehicle fleet. To increase the share of goods transport using diesel-engine lorries. To expand considerably the use of compressed gas vehicles and speed up the construction of gas-filling stations. To ensure saving of petrol and diesel fuel. To replenish motor pools with larger and more comfortable buses. To expand the repairs of motor vehicles with the use of a conveyer type production method.
To increase freight turnover and the passenger turnover of public buses.
8. , , .
9. Pollution. .
Pollution
The British, like many other Europeans, are becoming more and more worried () about their environment. Here are some of the environmental problems that they face.
As the population of large cities like London, Birmingham and Manchester continues to grow, pollution problems become worse.
The air in many towns and cities is being polluted by traffic (, ) and industry. The number of cars and lorries is growing all the time. On the one hand, they bring mobility to millions of people, but on the other hand, they need bigger, better and more expensive roads, which often ruin the countryside ( ). Traffic in cities is getting worse. Water pollution has become a serious problem in many British rivers. People living near airports suffer from the noise of increasingly larger and more powerful jet airliners taking off and landing.
10. . - .
Talking Instrument Panels
For a few years now some of the most advanced new automobiles have been equipped with instrument panels that can speak providing instrument readings or safety warnings from special electronic circuits.
In a polite female voice, the device will report on engine oil pressure, parking-brake and headlight operation, seat belt connection, totaling 14 different functions. The driver can even program the Voice Warning System to announce the time or to give a low-fuel warning for any preset gas tank level.
The heart of the Voice Warning System is a microprocessor-based electronic speech module made by National Semiconductor Corporation (US). The device requires the connection of 18 wires, but it is simple enough to install in a car.
ROAD-BUILDING MACHINERY
1. . .
| a) |
| ||
| road building | [!r]ud!bwldwŋ] | ||
| highway construction | [!hawwew!kcnstržk•(c)n] | ||
| construction projects | [kcnstržk•(c)n!pr]ekts] |
| |
| labour-consuming process | [!lewbc-kcn!sju:mwŋ pr]uses] |
| |
| technology-completed | [tek!n]l]w kcm!plw:twd] |
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| machines | [mc!•w:nz] |
| |
| highly-efficient machines | [!hawlw w!fw•w(c)nt mc!•w:nz] |
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| earth-moving machines | [!c:›-mu:vwŋ mc!•w:nz] |
| |
| versatile machines | [!vc:sctawl] |
| |
| machinery | [mc!•wncrw] |
| |
| road building machinery | [!r]ud!bwldwŋ mc!•wncrw] |
| |
| excavating machinery | [!ekskcvewtwŋ mc!•wncrw] |
| |
| crawler / wheel type tractor | [!kr]:l /!ww:l tawp træktc] |
| |
| b) |
| ||
| bulldozer | [!bul7d]uzc] |
| |
| grader | [!lrewdc] |
| |
| scraper | [!skrewpc] |
| |
| crane | [!krewn] |
| |
| shovel | [!•žvl] |
| |
| skimmer | [!skwmc] |
| |
| trencher | [!trenc] |
| |
| attachment | [c!tæment] |
| |
| blade | [!blewd] |
| |
| c) |
| ||
| to belong | [bw!l]ŋ] |
| |
| to become | [bw!kžm] |
| |
| to carry out | [!kærw aut] |
| |
| to dig | [dwl] |
| |
| to divide (into) to be divided | [dw!vawd / bw dw!vawdwd] |
| |
| to handle | [hændl] |
| |
| to haul | [h]:l] |
| |
| to maintain | [mewntewn] |
| |
| to mount | [!maunt] |
| |
| to produce | [prc!dju:s] |
| |
| to serve | [!sc:v] |
| |
| to use | [!ju:z] |
| |
| d) |
| ||
| in order to | [wn!]dctc] |
| |
| by means of | [baw!mw!:nzcv] |
| |
| with the aid of | [wwðc!ewdcv] |
| |
2. , .
Road Building Machinery
I am a student of the Bratsk State Technical University. My future speciality is Road Building Machinery. In order to become an educated specialist I am to study the following subjects: physics, chemistry, mathematics, social sciences, foreign language, strength of materials, electrical engineering, computer-programming and many others.
I believe that the economic prosperity of the country is closely connected with the adequate and efficient road network.
A great variety of different kinds of machinery is found in highway construction. The work is divided into several technology completed processes. The building of highways connected with a great volume of earth work is one of the most difficult, most labour-consuming process. This type of work is produced by means of bulldozers, scrapers, graders and excavators. They are divided into three classes. The first class includes bulldozers of different types which carry out the work with the aid of a blade mounted on a tractor of either crawler or a wheel type. Bulldozers are versatile machines on many construction sites where they can be used from the start to the finish. Scrapers belong to the second class of earthmoving machines. Their ability to load and haul earth gives them a definite advantage on many projects. As for excavators they belong to the third class. Manufacturers of excavating machinery, in designing their machines, try to make one attachment serve as many purposes as possible. The universal excavator is quickly convertible for use with the following digging equipment: shovels, drag shovels or back-acting trenchers, skimmers, cranes, etc. All modern plants are highly efficient machines, which are built to give years of service if properly used, handled and maintained.
And Ill do all my best to master my profession to become a qualified specialist.
3. , :
, , , , , , , ( ), , .
4. :
1. What is your future speciality?
2. What subjects do you study? (name some of them)
3. Do the roads play any role in the countrys economy?
4. What is the building of highways connected with?
5. What kind of machines are engaged in this process?
6. What can you say about a) bulldozers, b) scrapers, c) excavators?
7. What is an universal plant?
5. :
1. the efficiency of adequate roads;
2. the types of the earth-moving machines;
3. the aim of the manufacturers of excavating machinery.
6. , :
1. , .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. () .
6. , .
7. , :
1. The output of shovel should be expressed in cubic yards per hour.
2. Job conditions may be classified as excellent, good, fair and poor.
3. Each job planner must use his own judgement and experience in declining which condition best represents his job.
4. When operation the motor grader the following ought to be taken into account.
5. If the machine is to be kept in operation for a long period of time the rods of the hydraulic cylinders must be maintained clean and dry.
6. A series of tests of the new grader had to be carried out last week.
7. Light rains may delay operations for several days.
8. If the conveyor is to handle food material or other material the rotating parts of the entire conveyor may be of stainless steel.
8. 2 .
| 1. A series of tests of the new grader 2. The scraper can get to work 3. When operating a motor grader 4. The capacity of a motor-grader 5. The performance of self-operating graders 6. The mechanic examined the device in all its details The tractor has a wide track and good towability | 1. the following ought to be taken into account. 2. had to be carried out last week. 3. after the bulldozer. 4. may be classified as excellent. 5. should be expressed in cubic yards. 6. designed to be easily towed. wishing to find out the cause of the trouble. |
9. . - .
Excavator
Mechanical excavators or navies are now recognized as an essential part of the larger builders equipment for use upon the construction of large buildings and housing estates. Building operations, of course, embody varying classes of work, and while the economy and efficiency of mechanical methods are well known, such economies would not result in many cases if it were necessary to apply a single-purpose machine separately to each of the various duties. The best application obviously is an all-purpose unit that can be converted to suit each class of work. Manufacturers of excavating machinery, in designing their machines, try to make one attachment serve as many purposes as possible, so that the changing of the type of equipment to suit the particular work in hand can be done without the expense of providing additional attachments; this has been achieved to a large extent in some of the smaller sizes of equipment.
10. .
Elevating Grader
This machine consists principally of a disc plough which turns a strip of earth on to a conveyor belt which may be 4 ft. wide and 18-24 ft. long. The belt, running at right angles to the travel of the plough, delivers the earth into lorries which must travel in the same direction and at the same speed as the grader. The ground must therefore be suitable, and sufficient space must be available.
Under favorable conditions these machines can dig and load 400 cu.yad. per hour at no greater cost than a stationary excavator. They are usually towed by caterpillar tractors and require a driver in addition to the driver of the tractor.
This type of machine is only suitable for very large quantities of excavation and in circumstances where sufficient transport is available to remove the excavation, or where the excavation can be dumped in a windrow and left. For hard chalk or other rock which the plough will not cut it is, of course, unsuitable and in wet sticky clay trouble is caused by clay sticking to the belt, etc.
Some graders are equipped with adjustable scarifying teeth ahead of the blade to loosen the earth prior to blading it.
Graders may have three to six forward gears, with speed varying from approximately 2 to 20 mph. The lower speeds are used for grader operations, while the higher speeds are used for travelling.
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
1.
| ) : | ||
| mechanical engineering | [mw!kænwk(c)l 7enw!nwcrwŋ] | |
| roller | [!r]ulc] | |
| lever | [!lw:vc] | , |
| pulley | [!pulw] | , |
| branch | [!bra:n] | |
| separate branch | [!sepcrewt 7bra:n] | (.) |
| design | [dw!zawn] | , |
| construction | [kcn!stržk•(c)n] | |
| device | [dw!vaws] | , |
| operation | [cpc!rew•(c)n] | |
| reliability | [rw!lawc!bwlwtw] | |
| service life | [!sc:vws!lawf] | |
| continuous process | [kcn!twnjucs!pr]uscs] | |
| petrochemicals | [7petr]u!kemik (c)lz] | |
| computer-controlled lines | [kcm!pju:tc kcn!tr]uld lawnz] | |
| refining | [rw!fawnwn] | () |
| techniques | [tek!nw:ks] | (.) |
| spaceship | [!spews•wp] | |
| opportunity | [7]pc!tju:nwtw] | |
| quality | [!kw]lwtw] | |
| strength of materials | [!streŋ› cv mc!twcrwclz] | |
| wide range | [!wawd!rewn] | () |
| running of the plants | [!ržnwŋ cv ðc!pla:nt] | |
| at the forefront (of) | [ctðc!f]:fržnt cv] | |
| capability | [7kewpc!bwlwtw] | , |
| skill | [!skwl] | , |
| put to practical use | [!put tc!præktwkl ju:s] | |
| task(s) | [!ta:sk] | |
| specific | [spw!swfwk] | , |
| combined (to) | [kcm!bawn(c)d] | (...) |
| highly-complicated | [!hawlw-!k]mplwkewtwd] | |
| accurate | [!ækjcrewt] | |
| qualified | [!kw]lwfawd] | |
| special | [!spe•(c)l] | |
| ) : | ||
| to try | [!traw] | , |
| to recognize | [!rekclnawz] | |
| to deal (with) | [!dw:l wwð] | () |
| to go on | [!l]u cn] | |
| to raise | [!rewz] | |
| to extend | [wks!tend] | , |
| to apply | [c!plaw] | |
| to ensure | [wn!•uc] | , |
| to check | [ek] | |
| to mention | [men•(c)n] | |
| to increase | [wn!krw:s] | |
| to demand | [dw!ma:nd] | |
| to require | [rw!kwawc] | |
| to specify | [!speswfaw] | (. , ) |
| to face | [fews] |
2. , :
1. mechanic mechanical mechanics mechanisms;
2. construct constructed construction;
3. reliable unreliable - reliability;
4. refine refinement refinery refining;
5. technical technician technics technique;
6. strong strength strengthen strengthening;
7. extent extensibility extension extent;
3. , :
Mechanical engineering, a separate branch of engineering, service life of machines, continuous process manufacturing, refining steel, computer-controlled, a wide range of jobs, machines experts, engineering designers, limits of material capability, to put to practical use, to do the tasks facing the engineers.
4. .
I am a second-year student of the Bratsk State Technical University. My future speciality is Mechanical Engineering.
The history of engineering goes back to the time when the man first tried to make machines. One can call the earlier rollers, levers and pulleys the work of mechanical engineering. But it was recognized as a separate branch of engineering since the formation of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in great Britain in 1847.
Mechanical engineering deals with the design, construction and operation of machines and devices of all kinds. The scientific and technological progress is going on in engineering along two main headlines now. Firstly, it is automation, secondly raising the reliability and extending of the service life of machines.
Automation was first applied to industry in continuous process manufacturing: refining petroleum, making petrochemicals, refining steel. A later development was computer controlled assembly lines. And now we use the term automation for specific techniques combined to operate automatically in a complete system.
Reliability is a basic requirement of any instrument, plant or machine. Sufficient reliability and long service life of highly complicated automatic complexes, spaceships and assembly lines can be ensured by the high quality of their components, their accurate assembly and checking while in operation.
One should mention the development of mass production techniques. They, surely, increase efficiency and productivity.
That is why demand for qualified mechanical engineers is high. They have a wide range of job opportunities. Nowadays production requires the special services of the following specialists: the metallurgists, the strength of materials experts, the machines experts, the engineering designers and many more.
I believe mechanical engineers are vital to the running of the plants. They are at the forefront of technology: pressing the limits of material capability, developing new materials, specifying complex machines. Of course, their skills, technical and managerial, must be used to the fullest.
While studying we get theoretical knowledge and learn to put to practical use the things we receive at lectures, seminars and in laboratories. On getting the Diploma in Higher Education we are to be ready for our future job, to do the tasks facing the engineer.
Mechanical engineers are at the core of production: they manage plant and equipment, they manage people. In fact, they manage our future.
5. , :
1. What year student are you?
2. What is your future speciality?
3. Is the history of mechanical engineering long?
4. When was mechanical engineering recognized as a separate branch?
5. What does mechanical engineering deal with?
6. What are main headlines in technological progress now?
7. What industries was automation first applied in?
8. What does the term automation mean now?
9. What ensures long service life and reliability of machines?
10. What part do mass production techniques play in modern manufacturing?
11. Is a qualified engineer demanded now?
12. Where can knowledge of a specialist be applied to the fullest?
13. What is your main aim while studying?
14. What kind of job would you like to get after graduating from the University?
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7. , .
