I am a second-year student of the Bratsk State Technical University. My future speciality is power supply to industrial enterprises, cities and rural regions. I am also trained to work in the field of electrical systems and networks. I am sure that my speciality is of great importance because power engineering is a key industry. The problems it deals with concern the efficient generation and distribution of electrical power. It is one of the oldest areas of electrical engineering.
The power engineers have to do with many problems, for example, with the voltage at which power must be generated; then there are the problems of controlling, the phase, the frequency and the loads of power systems.
The power engineer must know high-voltage technique, electric motors, from microscopic ones to giants with high capacity, different types of household electrical appliances, transformers, insulators, switches and other pieces of equipment for power transmission lines.
The power engineers are also concerned with feeding sources, step-up and step-down electric substations, various auxiliary installations and erections as well as with feeding distribution electric grids.
It is necessary to say a few words about the Unified (or Integral) Power Grid. It covers the entire territory of our country. The work of many power stations is made optimal due to it. And the energy system as a whole is much more economical and reliable. Now as much as 90 % of all electricity generated in the country can be regulated from one control panel. One should add that the work on the further development of Integral Power Grid will be continued. It is planned to build DC power transmission lines of 2,200 2,400 kilowatts.
As for electrical engineering it is planned to expand the production of heat-resistant enamel wires, small high-capacity accumulating batteries and thin foil-covered dielectrics.
Taking into account the above mentioned problems the main task of future electric engineers will be to look for efficiency improvements of power sources as well as for new power distribution systems. It is time to give them another look.
After graduating from the University I would like to work at a power plant or at a power distribution center.
3. :
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; ; ; ; , ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
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it deals with; power supply to industrial enterprises; a key industry; power distribution center; household electrical appliances; pieces of equipment; switches, DC power transmission lines, much more economical and reliable, electric engineer, thin foil-covered dielectrics; insulators.
4. . , .
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Power supply; central control panels; feeding sources; step-up substations; step-down substations; auxiliary sources; distribution power grids, rural regions; electric engineering; industrial enterprises; household electrical appliances; microscopic electric motors; heat-resistant enamel wires; high- capacity accumulating battery.
5. , .
1. My future speciality is to industrial enterprises,
2. I am that my speciality is.. because power engineering is
3. The power engineers have to do
4. There are the problems of
5. The problems concern the generation and distribution of the electrical power.
6. The work of many power stations
6. Memory test. ( ), :
1. because power engineering is a key industry.
2. then there are problems of controlling, the phase
3. it covers the entire territory of our country.
4. can be regulated from one control panel.
5. as well as for new power distribution systems.
7. . :
1. What are you?
2. Where do you study?
3. Why is your speciality important for the economy?
4. What problems does it deal with?
5. Power engineering is one of the branches of mechanical engineering, isnt it?
6. What technique must power engineer know?
7. Does the Unified Power Grid cover the territory of our country?
8. What is the function of the Integral Power Grid?
9. Why do you like your speciality?
10. Why do we need more and more energy?
8. :
, , . . , , . .
9. , .
Electric Shock
Voltage applied to your body may result in an electric shock. You will get it if you touch live conductors when the power is on. When you touch a wire conductor with both hands the resistance of the body to the conductors is from 10,000 to 50,000 W.
When you touch a conductor with one hand, the resistance is much higher. The higher is the body resistance the smaller is the current that can flow through the body.
Take it into consideration and work with only one hand if the power is on. Do not let the other hand touch the conductors! Or work on the circuit with the power off.
1. What is the above text about?
2. What are its main points?
3. When does one get an electric shock?
4. What is the relation between the body resistance and the value of current flowing through the body?
10. : 1. -; 2. ; 3. ( ).
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HEAT& POWER ENGINEERING
1. , :
 heat power
thermal power
| [hi:t, ›cml!pauc] | |
| scientific | [!sawcntwfwk] | |
| branch | [bra:n] | |
 underground
subterranean
| [žndc!graund; sžbtc!rewnjcn] | |
| a lot of | [!l]t!]v] | |
| to change | [ewn] | |
| to derive | [dw!rawv] | |
| radiant | [!rewdjcnt] | |
| solar | [s]ulc] | |
| conventional | [kcn!ven•cnl] | |
| fuel | [fjucl] | |
| environmental | [in!vawcrcnment] | |
| pollution | [pc!lu:•cn] | |
| to employ | [im!pl]w] | |
| raw materials | [r]: mc!twcrwclz] | |
 hothouse
greenhouse
| [h]thaus lrw:nhaus] | |
| to consume | [kcn!sju:m] | |
| consumption | [kcn!sžmp•cn] | |
| high capacity | [kc!pæswtw] | |
| boiler house | [b]wlc haus] | |
| to reduce | [rw!dju:s] | , |
| according to | [c!k]:dwŋ] | |
| cheap | [w:p] |
2. , .
| student | [stju:dcnt] | |
| speciality | [7spe•w!ælwtw] | |
| engineering | [!enw!nwcrwŋ] | |
| profession | [pr]!fe•n] | |
| technology | [tekn]lcw] | |
| generation | [7cnc!rew•n] | |
| transform | [træns!f]:m] | |
| distribution | [7dwstrw!bju:•(c)n] | |
| transmission | [7træns!mw•n] | |
| mechanical | [mw!kænwkcl] | |
| electrical | [w!lektrwkcl] | |
| thermal | [›c:ml] | |
| airplane | [ec!plewn] | |
| ecology | [w!k]lcw] | |
| pollution | [pc!lu:•n] | |
| adequate | [!ædwkwwt] |
3. .
