The fitness boom of the past decades led to a big rise in the numbers of people participating in sports and activities. Those who pursue the latest fitness fashion are convinced that staying in good physical form requires much more than regular exercise and balanced meals. For anyone who really wants to be healthy, fitness has become an integral part of their lives. A lot of health and fitness club, and public leisure centers indicate the popularity of sports during the past thirty years. There are many opportunities for keeping fit. First of all it's necessary to do exercises. Running, jumping, swimming, bending and stretching are among the most popular exercises. Many people prefer jogging, which is the cheapest and the most accessible sport. Popular running competitions are now held everywhere. The big city marathons have become sporting events. A healthy body becomes a fashion, an ideal of the modern life.
Many sports activities have become part of daily Russian life. Football has always been the most popular sport among boys. Playing football is healthy, football also bring people close because in order to win people have to work as a team. The best way to avoid depression caused by the city life is doing exercises. Taking exercise is only one part of keeping fit. It's important to get slim. Some people eat nothing but fruit for several days. But it won't be of any use without proper exercises. Besides to avoid serious disease one should give up smoking. Smoking should be banned in all public places.
As for me, I'm interested in different kinds of sport. At school we have physical training lesson twice a week. I like to ski in winter. Sometimes the whole family goes skiing at the weekend. In summer I like to swim. I also do some cycling. I'm very fond of hockey. I try to watch every hockey match on TV.
Simple Ways to Live a Healthy Lifestyle
You hear a lot about living a healthy lifestyle, but what does that mean? In general, a healthy person doesn't smoke, is at a healthy weight, eats healthy and exercises. Sounds simple, doesn't it?
The way to healthy living is making small changes...taking more steps, adding fruit to your cereal, having an extra glass of water...these are just a few ways you can start living healthy without drastic (радикальный, крутой, решительный) changes.
Exercise
One of the biggest problems in America today is lack of activity. We know it's good for us but avoid it like the plague either because we're used to being sedentary or afraid that exercise has to be vigorous to be worth our time. The truth is, movement is movement and the more you do, the healthier you'll be. Even moderate activities like chores, gardening and walking can make a difference.
Just adding a little movement to your life can:
1. Reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes
2. Improve joint stability
3. Increase and improve range of movement
4. Help maintain flexibility as you age
5. Maintain bone mass
6. Prevent osteoporosis and fractures
7. Improve mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression
8. Enhance self esteem
9. Improve memory in elderly people
10. Reduce stress
So, even if you opt (выбирать) for small changes and a more modest weight loss, you can see the benefits are still pretty good. One study has found that just a 10% weight reduction helped obese (тучный, полный) patients reduce blood pressure, cholesterol and increase longevity.
Eating Well
Eating a healthy diet is another part of the healthy lifestyle. Not only can a clean diet help with weight management, it can also improve your health and quality of li fe as you get older. You can use these tips for simple ways to change how you eat:
1. Eat more fruit. Add it to your cereal, your salads or even your dinners
2. Sneak (подсовывать тайно) in more veggies. Add them wherever you can--a tomato on your sandwich, peppers on your pizza, or extra veggies in your pasta sauce. Keep pre-cut or canned/frozen veggies ready for quick snacks.
3. Switch your salad dressing. If you eat full-fat dressing, switch to something lighter and you'll automatically eat less calories.
4. Eat low-fat or fat-free dairy. Switching to fat free yogurt is another simple way to eat less calories without having to change too much in your diet.
5. Make some substitutes. Look through your cabinets or fridge and pick 3 foods you eat every day. Write down the nutritional content and, the next time you're at the store, find lower-calorie substitutes for just those 3 items.
How to Keep Fit
1.Study the new words
1. keep fit – поддерживать форму
2. stay healthy– оставаться здоровым
3. spare time– свободное время
4. lead sedentary life– вести сидячий образ жизни
5. provide- обеспечивать
6. takeregularsport– регулярно заниматься спортом
7. retainyouthfulvigour– сохранять молодой задор
8. stamina– жизнеспособность
9. suit– подходить, быть удобным
10. takeuplittletime– занимать мало времени
11. improve- улучшать
12. benefits– польза
Many people’s favourite hobby is sport. They practise a sport for a need to keep fit and stay healthy. A lot of people jog and play tennis, football and swim in their spare time.
Today people continue leading sedentary life and many of them would like to change it. Since our life doesn’t provide enough exercises we should include it into our routine. The man or woman who takes regular sport or exercise will stay physically fit, retain youthful vigour and keep a youthful shape and stamina.
There are some exercises to suit everyone. It may be a daily exercise session that takes up little time or planned exercises which improve a problem area.
But fitness comes not just from some exercises done now and then but from the way you live all the time. Good eating habits, wise drinking habits regular sleeping habits and plenty of fresh air are all important parts of the way to keep fit. Start doing this and you will feel and see the benefits.
2.Answer the questions
1. Why do many people practise sport?
2. What do many people do in spare time?
3. Why should we include exercises in our life?
4. What happens to the man or woman who takes regular sport?
5. What exercises may suit everybody?
6. What are the important parts of the way to keep fit?
3.Continue the sentences
1. Sport is many …
2. Many people practise sport to …
3. You should include exercises in your routine if you …
4. If you do sport you will …
5. You should plan your exercise if you want to …
6. The important parts of the way to keep fit are …
4.Fill in the gaps in the dialogue
Spare time / habits / regular exercises / benefits / youthful vigour / healthy / keep fit / take time / stamina / sedentary life
- Good day, doctor.
- Good day, Mr. Smith. What’s the problem?
- I’ve put on weight, doctor. When I walk I get short of breath. I feel unwell.
- Where do you work?
- I work in the office.
- Do you lead … …?
- I think I do. In my … … I usually lie on the sofa and watch TV or read a book.
- You should … … to stay …. I recommend you to take … …. It will … little … and you feel better.
- It’s a good idea, doctor. There is a sporting club near my house.
- Physical exercises will help you to lose weight, retain … … and keep …. But you should also develop healthy eating and sleeping ….
- Thank you, doctor. I’ll follow your advice and feel the … of it.
БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ СПИСОК
1. Аванесьянц Э.М. Английский язык для старших курсов медицинских училищ и колледжей./ Э.М. Аванесьянц, Н.В. Кахацкая, Т.М. Мифтахова. – М.: «АНМИ», 2006. – 229 с.
2. Дубровин М.И. Английские и русские пословицы и поговорки в иллюстрациях. – 2-е изд. – М.: Просвещение, 1995. – 349 с.
3. Кубарьков Г.Л. Современные темы английского языка./ Г.Л. Кубарьков, В.А. Тимощук. – Донецк: ООО ПФК «БАО», 2004. – 608 с.
4. Пархамович Т.В. 1000 русских и 1000 английских идиом: Словарь с пояснениями и примерами использования. – Минск.: «Попурри», 2000. – 128 с.
5. Баранова Л.Г. Шадская Т.В. Английский язык для медицинских училищ и колледжей. – Изд. дом Дашков и К, 2007. – 336 с.
6. Темчина Н.А., Тылкина С.А. Пособие по английскому языку для медицинских училищ. – М.: «АНМИ», 2003 г. – 158 с.
7. Stuart Redman. English Vocabulary in Use. – Cambridge University Press, 2001. – 272 c.
Интернет-ресурсы
1. http://www.britannica.co.uk
2. http://en.wikipedia.org
3. http://www.study.ru
Словари
1. Большой словарь иностранных слов. - М.: ЛадКом, 2008. – 704 с.
2. Новый большой англо-русский словарь: в 3-х т. / Ю.Д. Апресян, Э.М. Медников, А.В. Петрова. – М.: Рус. яз., 1993. – 1994 с.
3. Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners. – Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2007. – 1749 c.
ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
| Предисловие ………………………………………………………………... | 3 |
| Раздел I. The Student’s Life ………………………………………………. | 5 |
| Topic 1. Meeting People …………………………………………………………………… | 5 |
| Topic 2. My Day …………………………………………………………………………… | 10 |
| Topic 3. Hobbies …………………………………………………………………………… | 12 |
| Topic 4. Omsk is My Native City …………………………………………………………. | 13 |
| Topic 5. The Medical College ……………………………………………………………... | 17 |
| Topic 6. My Future Profession …………………………………………………………….. | 20 |
| Раздел II. The Human Anatomy…………………………………………… | 23 |
| Topic 7. The Human Body ………………………………………………………………… | 23 |
| Topic 8. The Skeleton ……………………………………………………………………… | 29 |
| Topic 9. The Muscles ……………………………………………………………………… | 32 |
| Topic 10. Blood and its Elements ………………………………………………………….. | 34 |
| Topic 11. The Cardiovascular System ……………………………………………………... | 37 |
| Topic 12. The Respiratory System ………………………………………………………… | 40 |
| Topic 13. The Digestive System …………………………………………………………… | 43 |
| Topic 14. The Urinary System…………………………...…………………………………. | 46 |
| Topic 15. The Nervous System ……………………………………………………………. | 48 |
| Topic 16. The Skin ………………………………………………………………………… | 52 |
| Topic 17. The Senses ………………………………………………………………………. | 55 |
| Раздел III. The Medical Institutions ………………………………………. | 57 |
| Topic 18. The Polyclinic ……………………………………………………………...…… | 57 |
| Topic 19. The Chemist’s …………………………………………………………………... | 61 |
| Topic 20. The Hospital …………………………………………………………………….. | 67 |
| Topic 21. The Collection of the Anamnesis ……………………………………………….. | 70 |
| Topic 22. The Nursing Actions ……………………………………………………………. | 73 |
| Topic 23. The Examination of the Patient …………………………………………………. | 80 |
| Topic 24. The Common Symptoms ………………………………………………………... | 84 |
| Задания для обобщения лексического материала по темам раздела «The MedicalInstitutions» ………………………………………………… | 86 |
| Раздел IV. The Diseases ……………………………………………………………... | 88 |
| Topic 25. Scarlet Fever …………………………………………………………………….. | 88 |
| Topic 26. Measles ………………………………………………………………………..… | 90 |
| Topic 27. Influenza ………………………………………………………………………… | 91 |
| Topic 28. Pneumonia ………………………………………………………………………. | 94 |
| Topic 29. Tuberculosis …………………………………………………………………….. | 94 |
| Topic 30. Acute Appendicitis ……………………………………………………………… | 98 |
| Topic 31. Acute Bronchitis ………………………………………………………………… | 99 |
| Topic 32. Chronic Gastritis ………………………………………………………………... | 101 |
| Topic 33. Rheumatic Endocarditis ………………………………………………………… | 103 |
| Topic34.The Immunity …………………………………………………………………… | 104 |
| Задания для обобщения лексического материала по темам раздела «The Diseases»………………………………………………………………. | 107 |
| Раздел V. The Public health problems …………………………………………... | 109 |
| Topic 35. AIDS …………………………………………………………………………..… | 109 |
| Topic 36. The Damage of Drugs …………………………………………………..…….… | 113 |
| Topic 37. The Damage of smoking ……………………………………………………..…. | 115 |
| Topic 38. Cancer …………………………………………………………………………… | 118 |
| Topic 39. Hepatitis ………………………………………………………………………… | 121 |
| Раздел VI. The Microorganisms …………………………………………... | 124 |
| Topic 40. Microorganisms …………………………………………………………………. | 124 |
| Topic 41. Viruses …………………………………………………………………………... | 126 |
| Topic 42. Bacteria ………………………………………………………………………….. | 128 |
| Раздел VII. The Medical Education in Great Britain and the USA …… | 131 |
| Topic 43. The Medical Education in Great Britain ………………………………………... | 131 |
| Topic 44. The Medical Education in the USA …………………………………………….. | 134 |
| Раздел VIII. The Health Service in Russia, Great Britain and the USA... | 138 |
| Topic 45. The Health Service in Russia …………………………………………………… | 138 |
| Topic 46. The National Health Service in Great Britain …………………………………... | 140 |
| Topic 47. The Medical Service in the USA ………………………………………………... | 143 |
| Раздел IX. The First aid …………………………………………………………….. | 145 |
| Topic 48. Bruise ……………………………………………………….…………………... | 145 |
| Topic 49. Bleeding ………………………………………………………………………… | 147 |
| Topic 50. Fractures ………………………………………………………………………… | 148 |
| Topic 51. Fainting. Sunstroke ………………………………………..…………………….. | 149 |
| Topic 52. A Case of Poisoning …………………………………………………………….. | 150 |
| Topic 53. The Wounds …………………………………………………………………….. | 151 |
| Задания для обобщения лексического материала по темам раздела «The First Aid»…………………………………………………………….. | 154 |
| Раздел X. The History of Medicine ………………………………………... | 156 |
| Topic 54. The History of Medicine ………………………………………………………... | 156 |
| Topic 55. Pavlov I.P. ………………………………………………………………………. | 158 |
| Topic 56. Pirogov N.I. ……………………………………………………………………... | 159 |
| Topic 57. Botkin S.P. ………………………………………………………………………. | 161 |
| Topic 58.Hippocrates ………………………………………………………………………. | 163 |
| Раздел XI. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 165 |
| Topic 59. Great Britain …………………………………………………………………….. | 165 |
| Topic 60. The Political System of Great Britain …………………………………………... | 168 |
| Topic 61. London ………………………………………………………………………….. | 170 |
| Topic 62. The Cities of Great Britain ……………………………………………………… | 173 |
| Topic 63. The Life of Youth in Great Britain and the USA ……………………………….. | 174 |
| Topic 64. Music in Great Britain …………………………………………………………... | 176 |
| Topic 65. Traditions and Holidays in Great Britain ……………………………………….. | 178 |
| Раздел XII. The United States of America............................................................ | 180 |
| Topic 66. The USA ………………………………………………………………………… | 180 |
| Topic 67. Thanksgiving Day ……………………………………………………………… | 183 |
| Topic 68. Washington, D.C. ………………………………………………………………. | 184 |
| Раздел XIII. Texts for Developing Reading Skills ……………………….. | 186 |
| Библиографический список ……………………………………………………… | 191 |
