1.Find the words in the following chain of letters
complainofgeneralfatigueincreaserevealpercussiondetermineinflammationvalvefollowadministernourishingexaminationillstrict
2.Study the new words
1. malaise
2. exertion
3. palpitation
4. enlarged
5. murmur ( )
6. evidence ,
7. inner layer
8. admittothehospital ()
9. contain
10. discharge from the hospital
3.Read and translate the text
The patient complained of a general malaise, early fatigue on exertion, cardiac discomfort and palpitation.
He had an increase of body temperature to a subfebrile level for a prolonged period of time. The patient had been ill with tonsillitis before.
The blood analysis revealed moderate leucocytosis and an increased ESR. On percussion the doctor determined that the heart was slightly enlarged. Listening to the patients heart the doctor found murmurs in the heart. It was an evidence of an inflammatory process in the valves.
The doctor diagnosed rheumatic endocarditis, an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. The patient was admitted to the hospital where he followed a strict bed regimen. The doctor administered antibiotic therapy. The patient had nourishing diet, containing many vitamins and limited in salt. It took the patient about 45 days to get well. He was discharged from the hospital and had to ( ) come to his doctor for regular examinations.
4.Answer the questions
1. What did the patient complain of?
2. What temperature did he have?
3. What did the blood analysis reveal?
4. What did the doctor determine on percussion?
5. What did the doctor find listening to the patients heart?
6. What did the doctor diagnose?
7. What kind of disease is endocarditis?
8. Where was the patient admitted?
9. What treatment did the doctor administer?
10. What diet did the patient have?
11. How long did it take the patient to get well?
12. What did the patient have to do after he was discharged from the hospital?
5.Fill in the gaps
| Disease | Cause | Symptoms | Course | Treatment |
| Endocarditis | The cause of the disease is inflammation of the inner layer of the heart | The patient has fatigue cardiac discomfort subfebrile temperature murmurs in the heart | There is a moderate leucocytosis The heart becomes slightly enlarged. | The doctor must admit the patient to the hospital |
TOPIC 34. THE IMMUNITY
1. Teacher: At this lesson you will know about the immunity. You will need the words on the
topics Diseases and Blood.
2. Check yourself
| 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. () 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. | 1. attack of a disease 2. cell 3. tissue 4. to inject 5. to occur 6. infectious disease 7. phagocyte 8. symptoms of a disease 9. infection 10. cellular element 11. treatment of a disease 12. course of a disease 13. to prevent the spread 14. recovery |
3. Study the words
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1. capacityofresistance
2. to produce
3. to cause
4. protection
5. to invade
6. invasion
7. growth
8. virulent poison
9. to employ
10. vaccine
11. to injure
12. to destroy
13. subcutaneously
14. sufficient amount
4. Read the text
Immunity
Infectious diseases are caused by the invasion and growth of microorganisms in the human body. Infection may result from direct contact with patients or from indirect one.
But the human organism has a specific capacity of resistance against infection. It is called immunity, it may be natural and artificial. A previous attack of an infectious disease produces a more or less permanent protection against its subsequent infection.
In the course of their growth in the body many pathogenic microorganisms produce virulent poisons or toxins. These toxins cause the characteristic symptoms of a particular disease. To meet the infection the cells of the body produce a chemical antidote which is specific for this particular infection and is known as an antitoxin. If a patient can produce a sufficient amount of this antidote to neutralize the toxins before the vital organs are injured, recovery occurs. If the human body had not this capacity we should suffer from all infectious diseases.
If the toxin can be isolated from bacterial cultures and injected into men, an artificial immunity can be produced which results from the formation of antitoxin.
The cellular elements of the tissues also take an active part in the protection of the organism against the infection. The presence of any infection usually produces leucocytosis. Bacteria in the tissues are surrounded by white cells or phagocytes. They prevent the spread of bacteria and destroy them.
If the reaction against invading bacteria is insufficient, vaccines may be injected subcutaneously to produce a more active resistance of the protective mechanisms of the body. Vaccines are employed not only to contribute to the treatment of a disease, but to establish an active artificial immunity.
5. Give the definition () of immunity
Immunity is .
6. Answer the questions
1. What causes the infectious diseases?
2. How may the infection result?
3. What do the pathogenic microorganisms produce?
4. What do the body cells produce to meet the infection?
5. When does the recovery occur?
6. How is an artificial immunity produced?
7. Fill in the gaps and tell what part the cellular elements play in the protection
1. also take part in the protection of the body against the infection.
2. usually produces leucocytosis.
3. surround the bacteria in the tissues and destroy them.
8. Make up the sentences
| Vaccines | are | injected employed | . |
9. Here is a short copy of the text about immunity. Use the necessary verbs to complete the story
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1. The invasion and growth of microorganisms in the body infectious disease.
2. Infection from direct or indirect contact with the patients.
3. Many pathogenic microorganisms virulent poisons.
4. Virulent poisons the characteristic symptoms of a disease.
5. To meet the infection the cells of the body a chemical antidote for this particular infection.
6. A sufficient amount of the antidote the toxins.
7. The recovery .
8. The toxin can be from bacterial cultures and into men.
9. An artificial immunity from the formation of antitoxin.
10. Translate into English
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. , .
8. .
9. , .
10. .
11. Speak about immunity
DISEASES
1.Match the words in the column
| 1. hot 2. rales 3. sore 4. dry 5. retention of 6. rapid 7. shortness of 8. scanty 9. flushed 10. sharp 11. mucous 12. pain 13. heavy 14. coated 15. fast | 1. stools 2. cough 3. expectoration 4. in the throat 5. membrane 6. cold 7. pain 8. breath 9. pulse 10. tongue 11. skin 12. respiration 13. throat 14. face 15. in the lungs |
2.Match the word and its translation
| 1. rash 2. fatigue 3. lassitude 4. fever 5. secretion 6. nausea 7. impairment 8. headache 9. inflammation | 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. |
3. Look at the symptoms and name the disease
1. _________: high temperature, fever, cough, and very rapid breathing, pain in the chest.
2._________: high temperature, flushed face, vomiting, sore throat, fever, headache, rash, hot and dry skin.
3._________: high temperature, running nose, cough, general pains.
4.__________: high temperature, sneezing, cough, heavy cold, running nose, rash, dislike of the light.
4.Match the diseases and their symptoms
| Tuberculosis | Appendicitis | Gastritis | Bronchitis |
Painful and dry cough; slight cough; sharp pain; slight pain; rapid respiration; scanty expectoration; vomit; nausea; pain in the throat; fatigue; epigastric discomfort after meals; lassitude; dry and coated tongue; dry and moist rales; shortness of breath; secretion of mucus; discomfort in the chest; retention of stools.
5.Fill in the gaps
diminishes / feels / breathes / appears / begins / fades / rises / covers / peels / increases / becomes / decreases
1. The temperature high.
2. The rash and the body.
3. The patient weak and depressed.
4. The skin .
5. The disease suddenly.
6. The body weight .
7. The colour of the skin .
8. The patient restless.
9. The respiratory rate .
10. The patient with difficulty.
11. Secretion of acid and pepsin .
6.Match the disease and treatment
| Influenza | a. Patients receive modern treatment, undergo lung operations |
| Pneumonia | b. Patients follow a strict diet regimen, avoid spicy food and alcohol |
| Tuberculosis | c. Patients follow a bed regimen, have warm application to the chest, take tablets and a cough mixture |
| Appendicitis | d. Patients stay in bed, have rest and sleep, take prescribed medicines |
| Gastritis | e. Patients follow a bed regimen, drink much water, take medicines |
| Bronchitis | f. The disease is treated surgically. The patients appendix is removed. |
7.Make up the sentences
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1. the nurse, nourishing, the patient, food.
2. prevent, the infection, the nurse, must, the spread, of.
3. check up, the doctors, patients, tuberculosis, for.
4. the hygiene, of, the mouth, takes care, the nurse, of.
5. carry out, prophylactic, the doctors, vaccination.
6. an appendix, the doctors, remove.
7. unwell, the patient, feels.
