.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


, , .




, - . , 1 0,2 , :

[H3O+]=0,2

[Cl-]=0,2

:

HCl - ;

HBr - ;

HI - ;

HNO3 - ;

HClO4 - ;

H2SO4 - .

( ), , , ; , .

, - -.

, - , . , NaOH 2 / :

NaOH → Na++OH-

[Na+]=2 /

[OH-]=2 /

13. ́ - ́ ́, (. redox, reduction-oxidation - ) - , 2- , ( ), ...

"- () , ".

, , - ( RedOx - Reduction/Oxidation), - , .. , .

- - , , .

Eh - 400 + 700 , . , .

, :

1. . h > + (100 - 150) , , (Fe3+, Mo6+, As5-, V5+, U6+, Sr4+, Cu2+, Pb2+). , .

2. -. h 0 + 100 , . , ;

3. . h < 0. , (Fe2+, Mn2+, Mo4+, V4+, U4+), .

- . (, ) . , . -.

, - , , - . - [1].

. ( ) . , , . , , .

{\displaystyle E=E^{0}+{\frac {RT}{nF}}\ln {\frac {a_{\rm {Ox}}}{a_{\rm {Red}}}}}

 

,

{\displaystyle \ E} , {\displaystyle E^{0}} , ;

{\displaystyle \ R} , 8.31 /(K);

{\displaystyle \ T} ;

{\displaystyle \ F} , 96485,35 −1;

{\displaystyle \ n} , ;

{\displaystyle \ {a_{\rm {Ox}}}} {\displaystyle \ {a_{\rm {Red}}}} , .

{\displaystyle R} {\displaystyle F} , {\displaystyle T=298{\rm {K}}}

{\displaystyle E=E^{0}+{\frac {0,0592}{n}}\lg {\frac {a_{\rm {Ox}}}{a_{\rm {Red}}}}}

 





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