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" " , , " ". XVII , , -, , . (James Adair), 40 1775 . " ". , .

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1805 . . , , , . 1820 . , , . . , , " " - "" , , , , ( ). 1833 . , 22 000 . , , " ", 1838 ., , , " " , .

" " XIX - , , - (Ephraim George Squier) (Edwin Hamilton Davis). (. 25 26) , . , , . 1846 . 1848 . " ". , , (. 27), , , , . , " ", (", "), , , , , . , , . .

, . 1791 . . . 1812 , ( 1813 .). 1839 . . . 1836 . " " " ". . , .

? ( ):

" ; , , , , , , . , , , ; ( ) , , . , , , , " (Silverberg 1986: 57 - 58).

- . , -, , , -, XIX , -, XIX , (Dunnell 2001: 1292).

, . (Braidwood 1960: 4), "" : . , , . , " " "" . .

, . , , " " . . , . . - .

1861 65 ., . , " ". 1930- , .

 

9. . , , , , , , , , , . ( ) (). , ( ) , .

, (. 1961: 24 39; 1992: 56 59, 175 180, 213 - 220). , . XVIII , XIX , XIX . , , , (, ). , , ; , .

, , . , , .

 

10. . , , . , . ( 10 ).

, :

" 3 000 , , . . , , , , . , , , , , " (Trigger 1989: 40).

, , - , .

, . : , , ( ), , (Braidwood 1960: 15); . , , " , ". . , , , . , . .

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, .

 

11. . . , , .

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:

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10. , , . ? .

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12. , ? , " " , ?

 

:

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Bratton F. G. 1968. A history of Egyptian archaeology. New York, Crowell.

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Dunnell R. C. 2001. United States of America, Prehistoric archaeology. Murray: 1289 1307.

Fagan B. M. 1975. The rape of te Nile: tombs robbers, tourists, and archaeologists in Egypt. New York, Charles Scribner's.

Fagan B. M. 1977. Elusive treasure: the story of early archaeologists in the Americas. New York, Scribners.

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Hilprecht H. V. 1904. The excavations in Assyria and Babylonia. Philadeolphia, A. J. Holman ( ).

Jefferson Th. 1955. Notes on the state of Virginia. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina.

Kemp B. 1984. In the shadow of texts: archaeology in Egypt. Archaeological review from Cambridge, 3 (2): 19 28.

Layard A. H. 1903. Autobiography and letters. 2 vols. London, Murray.

Lehmann-Hartleben K. 1943. Tomas Jefferson, archaeologist. American Journal of Archaeology, 47:???????????????.

Lloyd S. 1980. Foundations in the dust: A story of Mesopotamian exploration. London, Thames and Hudson (1st ed. Oxford, 1947, 2d ed. 1955).

Macalister R. A. S. 1925. A century of excavation in Palestine. London, The Religion Tract Society.

Magoffin R. V. D. and Davis E. C. 1929. The romance of archaeology. New York, Garden City.

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:

1. , 1798 99 . . " ". 1802 . (Bahn 1996: 69).

2. (. . . . , , 1961, . 4 . 192 G. Daniel. Man discovers his past. London, Duckworth, 1966: 31, fig. 17).

3. 1789 ., . " ", . 2. 2- . 1823 . (Stiebing 1993: 61, fig. 9).

4. (Bahn 1996: 100 Ceram 1958: 102).

5. II . . " ", 1822 . (Stiebing 1993: 62, fig. 10 Ceram 1958: 101).

6. II -. " ", 1876 . (Stiebing 1993: 63, fig. 11).

7. III . . . ( . . , , 1968, . 111).

8. , 1616 . (Ceram 1958: 187).

9. , (Bahn 1996: 70 Ceram 1958: 209).

10. . . , (Ceram 1958: 205).

11. , (Bahn 1996: 108).

12. , (G. Daniel. Man discovers his past. London, Duckworth, 1966: 33, fig. 19, Ceram 1958: 227).

13. (Ceram 1958: 229).

14. , (Murray 2001: 1092).

15. . " " (Stiebing 1993: 100, fig. 23).

16. - . . (Ceram 1958: 235)

17. . " ", 1849 (Stiebing, 1993: 104, fig. 25).

18. . " ", 1849 (Stiebing 1993: 102, fig. 24).

19. 10 1851 . (Bahn 1996: 106).

20. . . (. 60 ), (Murray 2001: 807 Ceram 1958: 236).

21. . . " " (Stiebing 1993: 202).

22. , , , , 1841 (Stiebing 1993: 186, fig. 56).

23. , (Murray 2001: 745).

24. , (Bahn 1996: 113).

25. . . (Willey and Sabloff 1974: 44, fig. 17).

26. . . (Willey and Sabloff 1974: 44, fig. 18).

27. . , . . . . . , 1848 (Stiebing 1993: 171, fig. 49 Willey and Sabloff 1974: 45, fig. 20).

 


11.

 

1. . XIX , , , 3000 . . , 4000 . ., . . 5 6 , . ( , , ) 4 , , . , , , , .

( ), -, . , , . 3760 . . . . XVI ., , , . . , 3 947 . . . VIII, , XVI XVII ., 5199 . . . , (James Ussher, 1581 - 1656), , - (. . ) , 1650- . " " 4004 . . . "" , , "" . 22 .

, , , . , (. . ) . , - (. . ) . " , , , , " 1654 . : " , , , . , , 23 4004 . . . 9 ". , (Daniel 1966: 20 21).

, , . . (, ) " ", . , . XVII . 3 992 . 12 .

, . XIX , , , .

 

2. . . , , , - . , . , . , 23 639 040 . , , , , 1 728 . , , , . , .

, , . , , (Grayson 1983; Gould 1990). : .

, , ( ) ( , ). (XV ) , . , , . . , , , .

XVII (Robert Hooke, 1635 - 1703), , - , , , , , - . , " , , , , ". , , , , .





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