SO42- + Ba2+ → BaSO4 ↓
:
, , .
1. Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → 2 NaCl + BaSO4
2. BaI2 + K2SO4 → 2KI + BaSO4
3. Ba(NO33)2 + (NH4)2SO4 → 2 NH4NO3 + BaSO4
:
1. 
2 Na+ + SO42- + Ba2- + 2 Cl‾ → 2 Na+ + 2 Cl‾ + BaSO4
0 0 0
2. 
Ba2+ + 2 I‾ + 2 K+ + SO42- → 2 K+ + 2 I‾ + BaSO4
0 0 0
3. 
Ba2+ + 2 NO3‾ + 2 NH4+ + SO42-→ 2 NH4+ + 2 NO3‾ + BaSO4
0 0 0
: .
9.
, -
. (
- , - , ) -
.
.
+ =
1. LiOH NH4OH 1. 2SO4 - 1.
2. NaOH NH3· H2O 2. HNO3 .
3. KOH - 3. HCl 2.
4. RbOH 4. HBr .
5. CsOH 5. HI 3.
6. FrOH 6. HClO4 .
7. Ca(OH)2 4.
8. Sr(OH)2 .
9. ()2
|
- .
: ɻ
1.
- Na2CO3.
1. 
-
. Na2CO3 → 2Na+ + CO32- Na+→NaO -
2. , CO32-→H2CO3-
- ↑
.
3. , -
.
4. -
.
I .
) I. ) CO32- + H+│OH‾ HCO3‾ + OH‾
, ↑
. pH>7, 
) ) 2Na+ +CO32- +HOH Na++HCO3‾+Na+ +OH‾
, , -
-
,
.
) ) Na2CO3 + HOH NaHCO3 + NaOH
.
, , .
II (. NaHCO3 Na+ + HCO3‾
1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4). II. ) HCO3‾ + HOH H2CO3 + OH‾
|
|
|
) Na+ + HCO3‾ H2CO3 + Na+ + OH‾
) NaHCO3 + HOH H2CO3 + NaOH
: , ( ), (>7).
2.
- ZnCl2.
ZnCl2 → Zn2+ + 2 Cl‾ Zn2+ → Zn(OH)2
Cl‾ → HCl
I. ) Zn2+ + H+/OH‾ ZnOH+ + H+ , <7
) Zn2+ + 2 Cl‾ + HOH ZnOH+ + Cl‾ + H+ + Cl‾
0 0 0
) ZnCl2 + HOH ZnOHCl + HCl
II. ) ZnOH+ + HOH Zn(OH)2 + H+
) ZnOH+ + Cl‾ + HOH Zn(OH)2 + H+ + Cl‾
0 0
) ZnOHCl + HOH Zn(OH)2 + HCl
: , ( ), .
3.
- Al2S3.
Al2S3 → 2 Al3+ + 3 S2- Al3+ → Al(OH)3
S2- → H2S
), ) 2 Al3+ + 3 S2- + 6 HOH → 2 Al(OH)3 ↓ + 3 H2S↑
) Al2S3 + 6 H2O → 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2SS
: , () , .
() Na2CO3 ( 1 )
1. , .
2. J 1 = J2 ( ), .
3. J1 = [CO32-][HOH]k1
4. J2 = [HCO3‾ ][OH‾ ]k2
5. .. J1 = J2, [CO32-][HOH]k1 = [HCO3‾ ][OH‾ ]k2
6. .. k1 k2 const, k1 = [HCO3‾][OH‾]
k2 [CO32-][HOH]
7. k1 = K = [HCO3‾][OH‾]
k2 [CO32-][HOH]
8. .. [HOH] const , .7.
K[HOH] = [HCO3‾][OH‾]
[CO32-]
9. K[HOH] = K
10. 1(Na2CO3) = [HCO3‾][OH‾]
[CO32-]
