( ). , . , , .
, , , .
dQ = 0, dA = - dU. ,
pdV = - (m/m)CvdT. (13.18)
,
A1-2 = (m/m)Cv(T1 - T2). (13.19)
P - (13.18), :
TVg-1 = const
pVg = const. (13.20)
(13.20) .
P-V , (. . 13.4), .. . , ,
dp/dV = - gp/V > p/V.
42. . .
. , , - .
, .
, :
pVn = const, (13.21)
n = (C - Cp)/(C - Cv) - ,
C - .
C = Cv, n = ""; | |
C = Cp, n = 0; | |
C = "", n = 1; | |
C = 0, n = g. |
43. - . .
-
(, ), , , , : , , .
( - i=3).
, , , , ( ..), ( ..) , , , ( ..). .. ( ) i=5.
, , , , ( ..), ( ..) , , ( ..). .. ( ) i=6.
|
|
- (1/2)kT ( ). , ( N), :
U=i(1/2)kTN=(i/2)RT
:
Cv=(dU/dT)=(i/2)R
:
, , v=(3/2)R
, , v=(5/2)R
, , v=(6/2)R
. (14.14), , :
P = nm<v2>/3 = 2n<E>/3, (14.15)
<E> - .
(14.15) - .
, , , .
- , , , , , .