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:




:

































 

 

 

 


.




. . . , , . , , , , . . , . , . , .

 

, ... , R L. . . .

( ).

t =0 . L , ... , , . I = s/R,

(127.1)

(127.1) , I ( I 0 I) t ( 0 t), ln (I / I 0) = Rt/L,

(127.2)

t= L/R , . (127.2) , t , .

, (127.2) 1 . 183. , t , , .

. . . . . . , , . ,

t .

(t =0) I = 0 u = . , ( IR ) t ( 0 t), ln[(IR )]/ = t/t,

(127.3)

( t ¥).

, (127.3) 2 . 183. I= 0 . t=L/R, . , .

... , R 0 R. , , . (127.2). I 0 t,

...

. . (R/R 0>>1), , ... ... , . , , , , , ( ... ) . , ... .

.

, , . m. , .

, , , . , , , .

, . , , , (. (109.2)) p m= IS n,

(131.1)

I=en , n , S . (. 187), m ( ) , .

, L e, ,

(131.2)

v = 2 pn, pr 2 = S. L e ( ) .

. 187 , m L e, , , (131.1) (131.2),

(131.3)

(131.4)

( , , ). , , , v r . (131.4) , .

* (1915), ( , ). , (e/m). , , , , , g (. (131.4)). , , , , L es, . , , . , , . L es, () ms, L es :

(131.5)

gs .

:

ħ=h/ (2p) (h ), m b , .

. , , ( ). , . , () p a ( ) () :

(131.6)





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