ֲ ֲ ò SCM-
, SCM, , SCM.
:
() , ;
, ;
- .
SCM (. 5.1) [17].
5.1
SCM-
ᒺ | SCM | |
³ | MRP | - |
- | MRP -II | - |
ϳ | ERP | |
APS SCM | nternet -; |
MRP / MRP-II-
. , , , -, .
1975 . ̳ . Manufacturing Requirements Planning (MRP). "" .
MRP- 㳿 . :
, , ;
;
, .
, , .
|
|
"" , . (Bills of Material Processor), -.
MRP . , . 䳿. "" , . , , .
MRP , -.
MRP - - . -, : , , .
MRP- , , .
, . 䳿. "" , . , , .
MRP -I . MRP -I . , , " ". , , .
. 5.21 MRP -I.
. 5.21.
MRP-I
"" , .
:
() , , , . ., ;
;
|
|
, , , .
ᒺ , , . , .
MRP -I ( ), , . MRP -I ᒺ . ; ᒺ . . :
, ᒺ , ;
, ;
, ᒺ ;
, .
MRP -I . , JIT. , .
:
;
;
;
.
MRP- , , . , , .
MRP- , -- .
( Capacity Requirements Planning CRP).
㳿 CRP - . 㳿 MRP, CRP MRP . , MRP -, .
㳺 MRP / CRP , . 5.2.
MRP - / CRP - 㳿 " MRP " (Closed Loop MRP). MRP -.
|
|
MRP - / CRP - MRP - (Material Resource Planning) , .
, , . , :
-;
;
;
;
. .
5.2
MRP - / CRP -
1. (CRP) | |
Inventory Status File | ³ , . , , |
Master Production Schedule | |
Bills of Material File | , |
2. (MRP) | |
Planned Order Schedule | ̳ , , , |
Changes in planned orders | ( , , ) |
Exception Report | , |
Performance Report | MRP -. |
Planning Report | , , , |
MRP / MRP- II - , , . .
) (Corporate Charter) , , , .
) - (Strategic Business Plan) - , ᒺ , .
) - (Business Plan) - ( ) , . , . - .
|
|
) " " (Sales and Operations Plan) - , - , , , . (Sales Forecasts) ( ), ( -) ( ). ( ), ( ) ( ). , . .
MRP / MRP -II- :
MES (Manufacturing Execution System): , ;
FRM (Finance Requi-rements Planing), ERP (Enterprise Requirements Planing).
ERP-
ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) . , . ERP- - , :
(, , ) ;
( , , );
, .
ERP- - . , " (MRP) ".
ERP- , , . , . ϳ ERP- . (MRP -), , , , .
ERP- , , , , , .
MRP- II / ERP , , (Master Production Schedule MPS). , , , " ", . , , , , . , , , , , .
|
|
CPFR-
ERP ( , ), CSRP (Customer Synchronized Requi-rements Plannsng). . CSRP . ij , , , . , , .
ERP - .
, . (total loqistics) [3]. , .
, , .
, . ᒺ - .
㳿 CPFR .
, , -. , ᒺ : , , . . 䳿 -, .
( , --, , ), - , .
㳿 CPFR :
- ;
, -;
;
, - .
㳿 , , .
CRM -.
CRM (Customer Relationship Management) , . , , . 㳿 , , . . CRM - :
;
ᒺ ;
;
, .
CRM - "볺 ". , 볺 . 볺 CRM - , . 볺 Internet / Internet.
"" :
( );
QLAP - (On-line Analytical Processing ) Data Mining .
, Oracle, Interbase, Microsoft SQL Server.
CRM - . CRM -. . ³, ERP- (ERP - , ), CRM - . - ( ).
CRM - CRM -. .
Architecture of Information Systems (ARIS), Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR), Integration Definition for Function Modeling (IDEF).
1. ARIS 80- . . (ͳ) . . " Architektur integrierter Informationssysteme ARIS " 1991. - .
ARIS, BPR, , ISO 9000 , , .
IDS Scheer AG 㳺, - -, (. 5.22):
( , , );
( "" );
( , );
-, (ᒺ , ).
ARIS :
;
;
;
;
;
.
. 5.22. ,
ARIS-
㳿 ARIS . . .
, ( , , ).
( ).
( ).
ARIS , 䳿 , , .
2. () SCOR ( ) (Supply Chain Council SCC). ᒺ 1996 . 800 -. -, , .
SCOR - : ; ; .
SCOR - , (1 -, - (2 3 ), (4 8 ) (. 5.23).
:
( -, , ᒺ- , , );
( , , , ); ( );
( , , ).
. 30 "" , .
SCOR - , .
SCOR - , :
, ;
( );
( );
|
( - ).
, () .