. 15, ճ IS - LM. , , . IS "-" "-'". ֳ , , .
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* - ;
* ;
* IS.
- (r). , r r1 r2 (. 5.7). I1 2 ∆I ( 2), D 1.
³, } 2 ∆ . 3 : r, D, , .
r Y , D, IS .
IS (. 5.8).
. 5.8 - 18 ( )
:
; - . :
, D, D1 D2. 1 Y2, r , IS1 IS2 Y2. , , ' , .
IS (. 5.9)
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, > S ( 2), , . , r2 , 1.
4 AS > . , r1
18 "- '"
. 5.10.
' : 1) IS; 2) - ; 3) - I = S; 4) - .
, IS ' - IS , . , , , , .
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LM
- ; - ; -
г L :
; - ; - ; - .
. 7.9 LM i, D = S.
. 7.9:
1) "-";
2) ;
3) L.
. 7.10, MS1 S2, 2.
D, ' 1 (. 7.10, 2).
1, 2 2
2 . 7.10 ( D S1) 1 (2) L1 L2.
7
.5. 18-
IS (. 7.12) i , .
L - , .
. 7.13:
* , i , IS2;
* 2;
* ( L), , i 2,
* . IS2 IS1;
* 1 i1
. 7.14, , i 2, L L2, 2. / \, , y y1
. 7.14 - - /5 -