Must
The modal verb must has the following meanings:
Obligation, necessity, duty
We must help him. We must not help him, he is grown up enough.
Prohibition
You must not walk on the grass.
Emphatic advice, invitation
You mustn't miss that chance! You must come to see our new flat.
Something unavoidable
Sooner or later every man must die.
Supposition bordering on assurance (очевидно, вероятно, должно быть)
She is very pale, she must be ill. She must have been sleeping when you phoned her.
Note 1. In this meaning must is not used in the negative form. The negation is expressed lexically or by the words probably, evidently:
He must have failed to come. Probably he hasn't some.
Note 2. In this meaning must is not used with reference to the future: Должно быть, они придут завтра. – Evidently they will arrive tomorrow.
Note 3. must be going is a set phrase.
Exercise 18. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. "And you must see my two little girls. They've gone to the Tuileries Gardens, but they ought to be in soon." (S.M.) 2. … if a butler is to be of any worth to anything or anybody in life, there must surely come a time when he ceases his searching. (K.I.) 3. "Very well, if you must be rushing off, I shall just tell you that I accepted my acquaintances' proposal." (K.I.) 4. She had good features and she must have been nice-looking once. (S.M.) 5. In these circumstances Elliott felt that he must remain in America until things were straightened out. (S.M.) 6. "That must have been what my mother meant," Miller said at length. (F.F.) 7. "You mustn't work yourself up," I said. (A.Chr.) 8. "The War Department must have given me the wrong number," she whimpered. (F.S.F.) 9. "We must not disguise from you, sir, that there is a want of power in Her Grace the Duchess." (Ch.D.) 10. But in her opinion one liked Mr. Ramsay all the better for thinking that if his little finger ached the whole world must come to an end. (V.W.) 11. I must have been crying because of Rachael's not being sorry to part with me. (Ch.D.) 12. The neat flower beds in the pictures must have disappeared years before. (D.S.) 13. On the road lay the corpse, covered in its white sheet. It must have taken great courage for the boy to move at all. (K.B.P.) 14. But the pictures they had looked at must have been taken fifty years before. (D.S.) 15. So I told him that I must have been crying, because of my godmother's death… (Ch.D.) 16. I plead nothing. I must never be forgiven for what I did. (E.S.) 17. To get the most out of life we must be tough-minded optimists, practical and realistic. (N.I.)
Exercise 20. Open the brackets using the appropriate form of the infinitive.
1. I suppose I must (to be) serious from time to time. 2. Don't listen to him now! He must (to tell) another lie! 3. I think they must (to fail) to receive our telegram. 4. Boy, you mustn't (to be) so rude! You will offend her! 5. "I am afraid I must (to go) now," she murmured. 6. Nothing must (to do) in a hurry. 7. Judging by their behaviour they must (to be) madly in love. 8. She must (to be) a beauty some twenty years ago. 9. I can smell something burning in the kitchen. She must (to forget) to switch off the gas! 10. The children must (to find and to bring) back home at once! 11. We are friends and we must always (to remain) so. 12. He must (to be) a fool to think so. 13. "Who's making such an awful noise?" "The neighbours must (to quarrel) again." 14. She said we must (to come and to see) her baby. 15. If you don't want to be late you must (to take) a taxi. 16. They must (to take) a taxi, that is why they managed to come in time. 17. Aunt said I must (to tidy) up my room every day. 18. He must still (to be) at his office. Let's phone there. 19. It's already 7 p.m. He must (to leave) his office. 20. She must (to live) in this village since she was born.
Exercise 21. Paraphrase the sentences where possible using must.
1. Probably, he is still there. 2. Probably, he hasn't come yet. 3. Probably he will come soon. 4. They can't have failed to receive our telegram. 5. She can't be unaware of what is happening. 6. She can't have said such a thing! 7. He can't have failed to notice us. 8. Evidently he has taken the key with him. 9. Evidently, he has not left the key for us. 10. Probably, she is cooking dinner in the kitchen. 11. Probably, she has already cooked dinner. 12. Can she still be waiting for an answer? 13. Probably, she was offended. 14. Evidently, she'll be offended. 15. I am sure she is offended.
Exercise 22. Translate the sentences into English using must in different meanings.
1. Он быстро и без ошибок перевел этот текст. Должно быть, он хорошо знает английский. 2. Ты должен выписывать и учить все новые слова, иначе твой английский не улучшится. 3. Должно быть, я вас просто не заметил. Там было так много народу. 4. Конечно, она любит своего ребенка! 5. Никому не рассказывай об этом, даже своим ближайшим друзьям. 6. Очевидно, завтра погода улучшится. 7. Вероятно, им уже сообщили об этом. 8. Очевидно, им еще ничего не рассказали. 9. Должно быть, она заметила эту ошибку. 10. Должно быть, она не заметила, как вы вышли. 11. Обязательно приходите к нам на новоселье. 12. Ты должен побыстрее дочитать эту книгу и вернуть ее в библиотеку. 13. Должно быть, дождь уже кончился. 14. Должно быть, в то время шел сильный дождь. 15. Очевидно, скоро пойдет дождь. 16. У вас, вероятно, ушло много времени на то, чтобы отыскать этот дом. 17. Должно быть, он не обратил на это внимания. 18. Его нигде не видели уже неделю. Должно быть, он заболел.
