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FAQ

5-2 (program P5_2).

⇐ 123 ⇒



:

üREPEAT UNTIL

, , . WHILE . , , . begin ( repeat...until). . , , if, .

.

üBREAK

, , . , , GOTO. , , ,

üONTINUE

( FOR) .

@ 5.7. , Y (+,,/,*). Z . , Y=0 . (.. ). 0.

. . . ( ) , .. 1- . . . ( ) , . exp(x) ex, Borland. . , , . ( ). , ( ) . , ε.

5-7. ex <1. .

ex≈1+x+x2/2!+ x3/3!+ x4/4!+...

(). , r , i . 0,001. , , .

. .

5-8. Y=X2+Z 0≤X≤4 0≤Z≤ 10 1. , .. , . . ( ) ( Z). 1, for. , , . 11 Z.

 
 

 

 


/ =1 while.

@ 5.8. Y=X2+Z 0≤X≤4 1 1≤Z≤10 2.

@ 5.9. Y=X2+Z 0≤X≤4 0,5 1≤Z≤10 2.

@ 5.10. .

 

6.

, () () . . , N M ( NŸM ) () .

 
 

 


, .

, , . i Bij [I] B[I,J]. . .

. , (VAR) .

ü_: ARRAY [] OF _

,

VAR x,z: ARRAY [1..8] OF REAL;

y: ARRAY [5..10] OF INTEGER; b: ARRAY [1..4, 1..5] OF INTEGER;

X Z 8- ( 1 8) . Y 5- ( 5 10) , B .

- . , .

VAR i,j: INTEGER;

FOR i:=1 TO 8 DO BEGIN { }

WRITE('x[',i,']='); READLN(x[i]) END;

FOR i:=1 TO 4 DO { }

FOR j:=1 TO 5 DO BEGIN

WRITE('b[',i,j,']='); READLN(b[i,j]);

END;

FOR i:=1 TO 4 DO BEGIN { B}

FOR j:=1 TO 5 DO WRITE('b[',i,j,']=',b[i,j]:4:1,' ');

WRITELN { }

END;

X. , , [2]=, . (b[2,4]=) 4 5 . , . I , J. J , I ( I J 5 ). , : B[1,1], B[1,2],...B[1,5]; B[2,1],B[2,2],...B[2,5];...;B[4,1], B[4,2],...B[4,5], .. . , READLN WRITELN. . , . WRITE('b[',i,j,']= ',b[i,j]:4:1,' ') , , b[2,3]=25.3. WRITE , WRITELN , .

( ) ( const). :

CONST z:ARRAY [1..3] OF INTEGER=(4,5,2);

x: INTEGER=5;

r:ARRAY [1..3,1..2] OF INTEGER=((1,2),(3,4),(5,6));

Z : z[1]=4, z[2]=5, z[3]=2, : 5, R: r[1,1]=1, r[1,2]=2, r[2,1]=3, r[2,2]=4, r[3,1]=5, r[3,2]=6.

6-1. 10 . N=4 C=[5,2,7,4] . , . .

program P6_1; var i,n,m,k: integer; c: array [1..10] of integer; begin write('n='); readln(n); for i:=1 to n do begin write('i=',i:2,' c='); readln(c[i]); end; n=4    
m:=c[1]; k:=1; for i:=2 to n do if m<c[i] then begin m:=c[i]; k:=i end; writeln('m=',m:2,' n=',k:1); end. m=5, k=1 i=2 5>2 i=3 5<7 m=7,k=3 i=4 7>4 i=5 7, 3

 

 

6-2. . , N . . . ( ).

Program P6-2;

var n,i,j:integer; s,y,sr:real; x: array [1..10,1..5] of real;

Begin

readln(n); { ( 10)}

for i:=1 to n do; for j:=1 to 4 do begin { }

write(' ', i,'', j,'');

readln(x[i,j]);

End;

s:=0;

writeln(' ');

writeln(' I II III IV ');

for i:=1 to n do begin { }

y:=(x[i,1]+x[i,2]+x[i,3]+x[i,4])/4; { }

if y<=5000 then y:=1.05*y;

if (y>5000) and (y<=10000) then y:=1.1*y;

if y>10000 then y:=1.2*y;

x[i,5]:=x[i,4]+y; { }

writeln(i,x[i,1],x[i,2],x[i,3],x[i,4],x[i,5]);

s:=s+x[i,5];

End;

sr:=s/n;

writeln(' = ',s);

writeln(' = ',sr);

End.

N . i- ([i,1], [i,2], [i,3], [i,4]), . , X[i,5] , [i,4], Y=([i,1]+ [i,2]+[i,3]+ [i,4])/4 . , , 5000 5%, 10000 10%, 10000 20%. 1.05, 1.1 1.2 . , S , (S/N).

@

6.1. , , Y .

6.2. 1 , 2, . . Y, , .

6.3. -, ( ) : , , , . .

6.4. . =100000., , (). .

6.5. X[N,M]. , .

6.6. . M . 1 . N . . (. ) M=8, N=3. 1,4,7,3,8,6. 2 5 2→5→2. , 5. .

. .

6-3. X . . x(i) x(j) . , - x(i) , . i. (N=4), : 1,2,3,4: i=1 2,1,3,4; 3,1,2,4; 4,1,2,3; i=2 4, 2,1,3; 4, 3,1,2; i=3 4,3, 2,1. x[i]↔x[j] . , x[i]:=x[j]; x[j]:=x[i] . [i] [j], x[j]:=x[i] , [i] [j]. , [i], .

@

6.7. . , . , , . . .

6.8. . . [i]<[i+1] . . , .. N . , .

6.9. : , , , . .

6.10. , , . .. , , .

6.11. . ( , , ) .

6.12. . , . ( ) . , , . . , , .. .

6-4. A(N,N) (.. 1,2,3, ..), , . 6.4. , . .

, , , :

1). , - ;

2). , - ;

3). - ;

4). - .

A(1,1). . 6.4.

 

. ST ( N, A(N,N)), KL ( N), K ( 1). (while k<n*n) K N*N, N. , (. ) . if/else if, , . IF while, . , .. ( A(1,1)), A .

Program P6-4;

Uses crt;

var n,i,j,st,kl,k:integer;

a:array [1..10,1..10] of integer;

Begin;

Clrscr;

write( ( 10)); readln(n);

st:=n; kl:=n; k:=1; { , }

a[st,kl]:=k; { a(n,n) 1}

{ - }

while k<n*n do begin

{ 1 }

if (kl=n) and (st>1) then begin st:=st-1; k:=k+1; a[st,kl]:=k;

while (st<n) and (kl>0) do begin st:=st+1; kl:=kl-1; k:=k+1; a[st,kl]:=k end; { -}

End

{ 1 }

else if (kl>1) and (st=n) then begin kl:=kl-1; k:=k+1; a[st,kl]:=k;

while (st>1) and (kl<n) do begin st:=st-1; kl:=kl+1; k:=k+1; a[st,kl]:=k end; { -}

End

{ 1 }

else if (kl>1) and (st=1) then begin kl:=kl-1; k:=k+1; a[st,kl]:=k;

while (st<n) and (kl>1) do begin st:=st+1; kl:=kl-1; k:=k+1; a[st,kl]:=k end; { -}

End

{ 1 }

else if(kl=1) and (st>1) then begin st:=st-1; k:=k+1; a[st,kl]:=k;

while (st>1) and (kl>0) do begin st:=st-1; kl:=kl+1; k:=k+1; a[st,kl]:=k end; { -}

End;

End;

writeln(' ');

for i:=1 to n do begin for j:=1 to n do write(a[i,j]:4); writeln; end;

End.

 

, , . CHAR . STRING. , var ST: char; SM: string[32]; SS: string. ST , SM 32 . , 255 . , : ST:=a; SM:=;. .

 

concat (1, 2) 1 2 (: concat('','')='')
copy(, , ) , (: copy('',4,5)='')
delete(, , ) , (: delete('',4,4)='')
insert(1, 2, ) 1 2, (: insert(' ',' ',9)=' ')
length() (: length('')=4)
pos(1, 2) 2 1 , (: pos('','')=2)
upcase()
str(, , ) integer real ( ) (: str(5,x) ='5', str(18.3:5:2,y) y='18.30')
val(, , ) , , =0 (: val('12.4',x,k) x=12.4, k=0)
ord() ASCII- (: ord()=159)
chr() ASCII- (: chr(159)='')

 

+ ( concat) . : += .

7-1. = Y. : 1). n=7, 2). (.. ) Y. 3). Y . .

y:=copy(x,pos(' ',x)+1,length(x))+' '+copy(x,1,pos(' ',x)-1);

 
 

 

 


7-2. K . , +1. P7_2 . , , . . (j ). , ( i- ). () .

0..32
65..90 A..Z
97..122 a..z
128..159 .. ( )
160..175 .. ( )
224..239 ..
240,241 ,

. ( 0 255) ASCII-. 128 , , . 0..31 ( , ..). A..Z 65..90, a..z 97..122. 128 . A.. 128..159, a.. 160..175, .. 224..239, 240, 241. , a.. 32, .. 80. , 256 . , : #. , write(#65,#177,#201,#205,#187); : A ▒╔═╗ . , , , : for i:=0 to 255 do write(chr(i),i:3,' ');. , 0 31 , , . . 0 . ( ). : <; =; > ( ); ߒ<ߒ ( , ˒<C); >ETP ( ).

7-3. S ( ), . S . D. , S . D= 'xyz123ABC'. X:=chr(ord(x[1])-32). ord(x[1]) , 32 (.. ), , , .

Program P7_3;

var x:string[1]; d:string; i:integer;

const s:string='xyz123ABC'; { }

Begin

d:='';

for i:=1 to length(s) do begin { S}

x:=copy(s,i,1); { }

{ ''<=<='', 32}

if (x>='')and(x<='') then x:=chr(ord(x[1])-32);

{ ''<=<='', 80}

if (x>='')and(x<='') then x:=chr(ord(x[1])-80);

{ }

if x<'' then x:=upcase(x[1]);

d:=d+x; { D}

End;

write(d); {: 'XYZ123ABC' }

End.

@

1. (, ) .

2. .

3. .

4. .

5. .

6. .

7. .

8. .

9. ≤N, . X , N . .

10. , , , ( .., ). .

11. ( 1000 .) (, 103= ).

12. ( ). , . , , .

13. ( , ), . . Y.

14. : , , . . , 8- , ( ).

15. , , . . 240 241, .. , , . , , / /.

16. , ( 1900..2100) . .., 06.04.2002. : 4. , 4 (, 1800, 1900, 2100).

17. , ( 1900..2100) , . , .

18. , (1900..2100), , .

. . : , , , . , , , . ( ) , (record). , Vr ( ). - , . Var .

(). Vr, : tab, im, tarif, dn . Var () : X Y. , (.), x.tarif, x.im. : y[3].tarif. .

type vr=record { }

tab: integer; {}

im: string[4]; {}

tarif, dn: real

End;

var x:vr; y:array [1..5] of vr;

 

( ). : . , , , . ( String), . :

1. . , .

: []: file of [];

: A: file of string[80]; F1: file of char; F2: file of real;

2. . .

: []: text;.

: f3: text;

, . ( record). , .

, . :

 

assign(, ) ().
reset() .
rewrite() .
close() .
erase() ( ).
eof() (True, ).

:

read(f,x1,x2,xn) readln(f,x1,x2,xn) 1,2,,xn f.

write(f,x1,x2,xn) writeln(f,x1,x2,xn) 1,2, n f.

:

append() .
eoln() (True, ).
read(,) .
readln(,) , .
write(,) .
writeln(,) , .

:

filesize() .
filepos() .
seek(,) .
truncate() .

 

. , , , ( ) . . . , .. .

9-1.

). y=x/2 x=0,0.5,1.0, 4 func. , , . . txt , TotalCommander ( txt ). func.txt, f, .

). C func.txt .

program 9_1a; { }

var f:text; { f}

x,y:real;

Begin

{ f func.txt}

assign(f,'func.txt');

rewrite(f); { f }

x:=0;

while x<=4 do begin { }

y:=x/2; x:=x+0.5;

writeln(f,x:3:1,y:4:1); { }

End;

close(f); { }

End.

program 9_1b; { }

var f:text; { f}

x,y:real; i:integer;

Begin

assign(f,'func.txt');

reset(f); { }

for i:=1 to 9 do begin

read(f,y,x); { }

{ , }

writeln('y=',y:3:1,' x=',x:4:1);

End;

close (f); { }

End.

9-2. . ( record) VIR (. 9.1).

Vir       Ved    
tab im tarif dn   im zar nalog vid
 
             
             
             
        . 9.1      

 

 

: tab, im ( 4- ), tarif , dn. . VED, im, zar (=tarif*dn), nalog (=13%*zar) vid (=zar-nalog). . . Vvod : 1). Vir. 2). Vir V. 3). R. 4). R Ved. Vivod : ( ).

program Vvod; { 9-2}

Uses crt;

const n=3;

type vr=record { }

tab: integer; {}

im: string[4]; {}

tarif, dn: real;

End;

vd=record { }

im: string[4];

zar, nalog, vid: real;

End;

var vir: file of vr; { }

ved: file of vd; { }

v: array[1..n] of vr; { V }

r: array[1..n] of vd; { R }

I: integer;

Begin

Clrscr;

{ }

assign(vir,'vir'); assign(ved,'ved');

rewrite(vir); { Vir }

writeln('!');

writeln(', , , ');

for i:=1 to n do begin

readln(v[i].tab); readln(v[i].im);

readln(v[i].tarif); readln(v[i].dn);

writeln(v[i].tab:2, v[i].im:6, v[i].tarif:3:0, v[i].dn:4:0);

write(vir,v[i]); { Vir }

End;

reset(vir); { Vir }

rewrite(ved); { Ved }

for i:=1 to n do begin {}

read(vir,v[i]); { Vir}

r[i].im:=v[i].im; r[i].zar:=v[i].tarif*v[i].dn;

r[i].nalog:=0.13*r[i].zar; r[i].vid:=r[i].zar-r[i].nalog;

write(ved,r[i]); { Ved}

End;

reset(ved); { Ved }

for i:=1 to n do begin {}

read(ved,r[i]); { Ved}

writeln(r[i].im:4, r[i].zar:5:0, r[i].nalog:7:2, r[i].vid:8:2);

End;

close(ved);close(vir); { }

End.

program Vivod; { 9-2}

Uses crt;

const n=3;

Label m;

Type

vd=record { }

im: string[4];

zar, nalog, vid: real;

End;

var ved: file of vd; { }

r: array[1..n] of vd; { R }

xz,xn,xv:real; {: , , }

I: integer;

x:string[4]; { }

Begin

Clrscr;

assign(ved,'ved.txt');

write(' (0) ()? '); readln(x);

writeln(' ');

reset(ved); { Ved }

if x='0' then begin { }

for i:=1 to n do begin

read(ved,r[i]); { Ved}

writeln(r[i].im:4, r[i].zar:9:0, r[i].nalog:7:2, r[i].vid:8:2);

{ }

xz:=xz+r[i].zar; xn:=xn+r[i].nalog; xv:=xv+r[i].vid;

End;

writeln('',xz:9:0,xn:7:2,xv:8:2) { }

End;

if x<>'0' then begin { }

for i:=1 to n do begin

read(ved,r[i]);

if x=r[i].im then begin { - }

writeln(r[i].im:4,r[i].zar:9:0, r[i].nalog:7:2, r[i].vid:8:2);

goto m { }

End;

End;

writeln(' : ',x);

M:end;

Close(ved)

End.

9-3. , ( ), Rab1, Rab2, Rab3. , Tarif. Ved , .

                           
  Tarif     Rab1   Rab2   Rab3  
  tb im tr   tb ch   tb ch   tb ch  
         
                         
                         
                         
                       
                         
                           
  MT           MR        
  tb im tr         tb ch        
                           
  Ved                      
  tb im ch   zr nl   vd          
             
          390,0   2610,0          
          130,0   870,0          
          227,5   1522,5          
          390,0   2610,0          
          78,0   522,0          
          1215,5   8134,5     . 9.2  
                           

:

1. Rab1, Rab2, Rab3 Tarif.

2. Mr[1..15].

3. ( mr.tb). ( ) .

4. Tarif Mt[1..6]. , , Ved.

5. Ved .

9.2. , .

Vedom . Rab1, Rab2, Rab3, Tarif .

program VEDOM; { 9-3}

Uses crt;

type { }

rab=record tb,ch:integer end; { }

tar=record tb,tr:integer; im:string[4] end; { }

{ }

ved=record tb,ch,zr:integer; im:string; nl,vd:real end;

var { , }

r1,r2,r3:file of rab; { }

{ }

mr:array [1..15] of rab;

x: rab; { Rab, }

t:file of tar; { }

{ }

mt:array [1..6] of tar;

v:file of ved; { }

mv:ved; { }

{ }

sch,szr:integer; snl,zvd:real;

m,i,j,k:integer;

Begin

Clrscr;

{-------------------- Rab1-3 MR---------------------------}

assign(r1,'rab1'); assign(r2,'rab2'); assign(r3,'rab3'); reset(r1); reset(r2); reset(r3);

k:=0;

while not eof(r1) do begin k:=k+1; read(r1,mr[k]) end;

while not eof(r2) do begin k:=k+1; read(r2,mr[k]) end;

while not eof(r3) do begin k:=k+1; read(r3,mr[k]) end;

⇐ 123 ⇒


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