, , , . . . 1.13, , , . 1, 2, 3 [3].
6 : , , , , (. . 136 [2]).
, . 150 , .
. . , . , , , , . , ( ) . , , (. .3.1).
, F.
, (.3.2).
, , .
, , , ( ) . . 1.14, 1.15.
3.1
3.2 : ) ;
) .
. . 142, 143 [ 2 ].
4.
4.1.
, , x0s .
, (16)
; ; α , .; r ; 0 , ( 4.1).
|
|
4.1 , 90.
0,3 | 0,5 | 1,0 | 1,5 | 2,0 | 3,0 | 4,0 | 5,0 | |
x0 | 0,36 | 0,38 | 0,42 | 0,44 | 0,45 | 0,46 | 0,47 | 0,48 |
, . 179 [3]. 22 (. 64 [2]) .
:
, (17)
n 90; L .
4.2
F
, (18)
B , ; s , ; σ , ; k , 4.2.
4.2 k .
k | k | ||
0,1...0,2 0,2...0,25 0,25...0,3 0,3...0,4 0,4...0,5 0,5...0,6 0,6...0,7 0,7...1,0 1,0...1,2 | 0,70 0,66 0,60 0,56 0,54 0,50 0,48 0,43 0,38 | 1,2...1,5 1,5...2,0 2,0...3,0 3,0...4,0 4,0...5,0 5,0...6,0 6,0...7,0 7,0...8,0 8,0...9,0 | 0,34 0,31 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,13 0,11 0,10 0,08 |
, , . . . , 30...60 .
, (19)
q , ; ( 23 .212 [3], 26 .73 [2]); S , , , , 2.
(, .) 23 .72 [2].
4.3.
(V-) (-) . , , - .
. 187201 [3].
. , . .
. 6566 [2] . 202 [3]. . 1420 . 204208 [3]. , , , 0,75...0,8.
|
|
5.
5.1.
. , , - - . . . 33 . 99 [2]. . .
: , . . , .. .
s |
, . , , , . . 1.15. 32 . 94 98 [2], .7 . 235247 [3] .
, -, , , , , . . 100 [2].
(. . 1.16, 1.17).
.
/ ( H , B ) r/. . .. (. 5.1), .
5.1
.
1 2 , (s/D)100=2 (s/D)100=0,6.
, . , IIb, IIc .
IIc . , .
IIb , . .
5.2
..
. , .. , . 5.2.
|
|
( ):
1. , . ( ).
2. R 0, r . r = r = r
. (20)
r r
. (21)
3. R 0 D, .
4. D ( N ) .
5. , N R0.
, (Δ MDF) (Δ AKM).
( b . 5.1) . .
1. l R0 .
2. (.5.3).
) )
5.3
( b . 5.1): ;
3. R 1 = xR 0 , . x . . 42 [2].
4. hb ha, , (. 5.3).
hb ha hb B 2r ( ha 2r)
; . (22)
y . . 43 [2].
5. , R 1 hb ha.
6. , , Rb Ra.
.
, , , .
, , , , , .
, r = r = r,
, (23)
.
r ≠ r ,
. (24)
, -. , R 0, , . 5.3.
|
|
5.2.
.
() , . , , , . , .
, . 1.18.
. 1.19 60.
1.20.
( ), .
1.21. .
. 234, 243247 [3]. , , , .
, , . , , . . 1,5...2,0% , 2...4% .
. , .
. (25)
, , . 49 .124125 [2].
. 1.22. 0,6...0,8 .
, . ( 5 ), , R = 0,5 s.
, :
1) ;
2) ;
3) , .
(. . 66 [2]).
. .67 [2].
. .68 [2].
|
|
5.3.
()
, (26)
d ( ), ; s , ; σ , ; k , (. . 1.23).
Q ():
, (27)
, , 1.24; , , 2.
, (28)
D 0 , ; d 1 , ; r , ;
, (29)
dn -1 dn .
. (30)
(), , :
, (31)
H , .
, . (26) πd . , , . 72 [2].
5.4. .
, .
. , .
:
;
;
;
.
(. 287 [3]):
; (32)
(33)
, (32)
s , .
(. . 183 [2]).
, .
, : (1,35...1,5) s; (1,20...1,30) s; (1,3...1,40) s (1,29...1,25) s .
.
, :
, (33)
. (34).
, (35)
, (36)
Δ , ; L , ; z , ; (78 ).
, , Δ , (1415 ), , .
6.
1. , 3.1; 4.3 8.1 ( 2). , .
2. , 15.2; 19.1; 18.1.
3. ( 38.2; 39.2)?
4. , ( 18.2; 21.2)?
5. , 1,410002000 20 1,4x200x1000 .
6. 2x300x1800 2x1200x1800 . A1.
7. , 3x150x1200 3x1200x2500 , . ..
8. 1x900x1800 1x100x1800 . .
9. Ø15 20 3 .