, .
, .
. . Present Participle Active, who, which :
We looked at the man, sitting at the window. , , .
.
, , , : , .. , , .. .
, , ? : ? () , ; ? () , .
, .
, , , : ? () ; ? () . , , : // . .
. : ; , , Present Participle Active : , playing.
, .
: // .
( 3- ) --, --: , -, -, -; , -, -, -; --, --: , -, -, -; , -, -, -.
: 1) --: , -, -, -; 2) / -- ( ): ) , -, -, -; ) , -, -, -; , -, -, -; ) , -, -, -; , -, -, -; , -, -, -; , -, -, -; , -, -, -; , -, -, -; ) , -, -, -; , -, -, -; ) , -, -, -.
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, -, - : , ..
, , :
office worker; beginners; smokers; those seeing smb. off; students, pupils; former; outstanding, eminent; typewriter; the future; mammal.
-/-, , , : . Past Participle Passive.
1.
Past Participle Passive: the letter received. , , , . Past Participle Passive , : , : / .
, , , , . ? . .
.
--, --, --, -- . . :
) -- -, -, -: , -/-, : , -, -, -; , -, -, -;
) --, -- ( ) - ( 1- ; 2- ): , ; , ; , ; , ; -/-, -/- / : , ; , ;
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- / ; : ; ;
) - , , , , , , -, -, -. , - -(), : , , , , , , , , , , ; : , .
, , :
wounded man, scientist, data, all that was told, all that was heard.
2.
, . . , . --, -- . 1- . 1- : , -, -, -; , -, -, -. -, --, - -: , , . , , - (), (, , , ), , , - (, ).
. , , Present Participle Passive , , Past Participle Passive , : , , . The question now being discussed at the meeting is very important . The question discussed is very important. , ? . .
:
1) . 2) , , . 3) . | ? |
--, -- ( ;) -ible, -able, -uble: / in/visible, / in/divisible, / in/admissible, unforgettable, / in/ dependent, invincible, unrecognizable, respected, minerals, () (all) visible and invisible things -, -(bili)ty, -ence: / in/divisibility, / in/admissibility, / in/dependence, recurrence, resistibility.
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-, , : , being built: / . We approached the house being built.
.
-, . . , , --, : , -, -, -; , -, -, -; , -, -, -; , , , . , . (. ), .. to be Past Participle Passive.
--, -- / : ; , ( / ).
, .
, . .
( ), .. , ( ), .. - . : .
Participial Phrase. : . , , -:
1) . 2) , . 3) . |
: We admired the raising sun; The parties participating signed the agreement. (" ").
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. 3. , ( ) : " ". 3 , : . , : ... , , , , .
3, , : 1) ; 2) , , : ... . 2 - . 3 , .
. , , . , . , , .
. . . , , , : , ""; , "".
, , , ( ) ( ). , , , . : ^ , .
:
1) / . 2) / , 3) / . | ? |
, , . :
The broken cup lay on the table. The results obtained were very important. | . |
3, .
Past Participle Passive, , . , . , Past Participle Passive : The work finished we went home. , .
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Past Participle Passive ( ) ( to be). . . , ?, . . , to be.
/ ....letter received
() ....is/was received
, . . . , , ( ). : The actor invited by us to the party came at six o'clock. , , The actor, whom we invited to the party, came at six o'clock. , , . , whom , , , , by , , -. , , : , (which) /, .
, . , to be; : The actor who was invited by us to the party came at six o'clock. , , .
, , -, -; , , , (to be seen, to be heard) , . : (, ) ; ; () . , : , . One could hear birds singing; () . I can/could see well.