.
3-1. d = 3 ℓ = 0,5 ,
w = 0,3 /, = 60 0 = 20.
=60 C : λ = 0,659 /(C); v = 0.478 . 10-6 2/; r = 2,98; c = 20C = 7,02.
:
d = 1,4 (Red d/ℓ)0.4 r0.33 (r / )0.25
: , , d
r0.33 = 1,42 (r / )0.25 = (2,98/7,02)0,25 = 0,81
:
d = 1,4. 2,64.1,42.0,81=4,24
= d (λ/d) = 4,24 . (0,659 / 3.10-3 ) = 928 /(. 0)
Q=πdℓ ∆t= 3,14.3.10-3.0,5.928.40= 175 .
3-2.
d = 60 ℓ = 2,1 w = 5 /. , = 100.
= 100 : λ = 0,0321 /( 0), v = 23,13 . 10-6 2/
Red = ωd/v= 5.0,06 / 23,13.10-6 = 12970
Red 0.8 = 1955
, :
d = 0,018. 1955=35,2
= d (λ /d) = 35,2 . (0,0321/0,06)=18,8 /(. 0)
ℓ/d = 2,1/0,06 = 35 < 50, έℓ; έℓ=1,04
= έℓ = 18,8 . 1,04 = 19,5 /( 2. 0)
3-3.
d = 50 ℓ=3 w =0,8 / . , = 50 0,
= 70 0.
= 50 λ = 0,648 /( . );
v = 5,56 . 10-7 2/ () = 3.54
c = 70 = 2,55;
Red = (wd)/v = (0,8. 0,05)/5,56 . 10-7 =7,2. 102; Red0,8=7,7. 103
r0.43 = 1,72; (r / )0.25 = (3,54/2,55)0,25=1,09
l/d = 60 > 50, έℓ = 1. :
d =0,021 .7,7 .103.1,72 .1,09 .1=303
3920 /( 2. 0)
3-4
, ( , , , ). , ( 2). , .
|
|
1 ,
δ / .R2 δ | 0.05 | 0,1 | 0,15 | 0,2 | 0,28 | 0,3 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,8 | 1,0 | ||
0,625 | 1,25 | 1,875 | 2,5 | 3,5 | 3,75 | 6,25 | 12,5 | |||||
Q./Q | 1,01 | 1,017 | 1,0217 | 1,0249 | 1,0266 | 1,026 | 1,024 | 1,017 | 0,986 | 0,960 | ||
1 | 0,905 | 0,829 | 0,776 | 0,713 | 0,644 | 0,629 | 0,566 | 0,517 | 0,418 | 0,3 75 |
, 8.10. :
- ; -
Q / Q 1- "" ();
2 - "" ()