.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


43




- . 10 1996 10 . , , 2/3 , 1/3. 4,3 . , 5,6 . . , , , , , . , . . .

, . , , , , . . 1993 - 24 . 800 . , , 500 . , . , 1996 70 .

, , . . 1991 . , , , , . , .

80- , . 3,5 . . 1990 () . 1992 , 1992 . , .

, . , , . . . , . .

: 12 , , , , .

 

 

...................................................................................................3

........................4

IX III ........................6

-

IX III ......................................................................6

-

IX III ......................................................................8

( XII III .)..................................11

IX III ....................13

( III XVI .).......................................................15

( III XVI .)....................................15

- XIV

XVI ...........................................................................................18

-

XIV XVI ..........................................25

.

XIV XVI ..................................................................30

(1569 1795 .)....................................................................................................................38

. XVI

XVII ..............................................................................38

XVII .................46

XVn XVIII ....................................................................52

-

XVIII ........................................................60

.

....................................................................65

XVII XVIII ..............................70

XIX ..............................77

-

XIX ............................................................................................77

1812 .............................................................................82

-

XIX ⅅ.91

XIX .............................................99

........................................108

1863 . ...........................................................115

1863 .

60 70- . ......................................................................................................117

60 90- . XIX .....................125

XIX . ...................................................................................................132

- XIX .....................................................................................................................141

.

xix ............................................................................................146

xix xx ..................................................................163

1905 1907 ......................................................174

1907 1914 ... 291

....................................................201

xx .................................................................214

- ..............229

1917 .............................................................235

腅...264

. .............................................279

- ...................294

- 1919 1920 ...................312

.................................................................340

. - 1921 1928 .......................................................................359

(1921 1928 .)................................................370

- (1928 1939 .)........................380

..................389

( 20- 30- .).................,...................405

(19211939 .)......................412

............................................432

..........................................439

( 1941 .)...........................................................................................................446

.......................................................................451

.......................................................................458

..............................466

(19441955 .)...................471

..........................................................471

...............473

.......................................475

- ..........................................................476

, , ..................................................................478

- 50- 80- .........................................................................................482

..................................482

- ..............486

. ...................................................................490

- 80- 90- ....................................494

.................................................................494

.......498

..............................................................502

(1955 1997 .).......................505

, ( 50- 80- ).......................505

............................................................................................................586

 





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