( . print ) , .
(), , , . . .
:
;
( );
;
(. dot matrix printer) , . . 1964 Seiko Epson.
:
, , . , ; , , . , . . SIDM (. Serial Impact Dot Matrix - ). CPS (. characters per second ).
, , , . . , .[1] , ; , , .
. , , . .
(laser printer) , . , , .
|
|
EARS 1971 Xerox, , , . , Xerox .
3800 IBM, 1976 , , .
, , 1981 Xerox Star 8010. (17 000 ), . , , 1984 HP LaserJet 8ppm. Canon Hewlett-Packard. LaserJet Brother, IBM . , . , 1985 HP LaserJet 2995 ; 32 . LaserWriter Apple, , Postscript, 7000 . ( , Laserwriter, .) , , 300 . 100 .
. , . : , , .
, . , . Hewlett-Packard, Lexmark. , , . ( ) . . . . Epson, Canon. , / . , , .
|
|
.
(. scanner) , , - , . .
( ): , / .
(. Handheld), (. Sheet-Feed), (. Flatbed) . -, . , ().
, , , . ( ) , .
1857 (. Giovanni Caselli) , . .
1902 , (. Arthur Korn) , . , , , . .
, , , , .
(, ) , , ( ), ( ).
, , . . . . ( ).
( ), ( ) ( ) ( ). ( ).
.
:
COM LPT[1], USB RJ-45, ( USB- USB).
( ISA, PCI, PCI-E, PCMCIA, AMR, CNR)
, (, -).
|
|
:
, , (, DSP, ). , , .
(-, Host based soft-modem) , . ( ), (, USB).
(Controller based soft-modem) , , .
:
ISDN
DSL () . , , , . .
, DOCSIS.
, .
GPRS, EDGE, . . USB-. .
. , .
PLC .
:
.
- , , - -.
. . : , ; .
.
- p, , .
- , 300 /. - , , .
p p p : - p , p - - p . p p, p, p p p - p , p - (p 0). p p , p . p, - p , p p p. p (Teac, Panasonic, ALPS) -p p. p p p- p p pp , p p. H , p p , p pp . pp pp.
|
|
pp p 34-p , p p , - . p p pp pp p , p IBM PC - . p p p p, p (0..3) p; p IBM PC p 1, p , p p (p 10-16) pp p . p 6, p . p p p p (p p , - p IBM PC), , p , , / , p - p, p () p, .. p p p, p , p, pp pp.
. - . : 3.5, 5.25, 8 ( ).
:
SS single side - ( ).
DS double side - .
SD single density - .
DD double density - .
HD high density - .
. 10 , . , , , , . .
-. Flash - ", ". - , ( ). . flash- , ( ). , , . c , - , .
CMOS- , , , , . CMOS complementary metal oxode semiconductor " - - ". , . CMOS - , . , .