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1. Lesson 1. Computers5
2. Lesson 2. Computer System Architecture 9
3. Lesson 3. Hardware, Software and Firmware .15
4. Lesson 4. Central Processing Unit ..19
5. Lesson 5. Advantage of Computer Data Processing ...22
6. Lesson 6. Input and Output Environment 26
7. Lesson 7. Input and Output Devices 31
8. Lesson 8. Control Unit .37
9. Lesson 9. Personal Computer. .39
10. Lesson 10. Computer programming 44
11. Lesson 11. Components of Desktop PCs .47
12. Lesson 12. Class 2 Components ..50
13. Lesson 13. Class 3 Components .52
14. Lesson 14. Revision 56
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LESSON I
Exercise 1. .
by means of -
in a few seconds -
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until - ,
to take up -
advantage -
to fulfil the task -
Exercise 2. .
counting machine -
special-purpose -
general-purpose -
arithmetic unit -
control unit (CU)-
input device -
output devices -
peripheral -
READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXT
COMPUTERS
A computer is really a very specific kind of a counting machine. It can do arithmetic problems faster than any person alive. By means of electric processes it finds the answer to a very difficult and complicated problem in a few seconds.
A computer can "remember" information you give it. It keeps the information in its "memory" until you need it. There are different kinds of computers. Some can do only one job. There are special-purpose computers. Each specific problem requires a specific computer. One kind of computer helps us build a spaceship, another kind helps us navigate it. A special-purpose computer is built for this purpose alone and cannot do anything else.
But there are some computers that do many different jobs. They are called the general-purpose computers. There are the big "brains" that solve the most difficult problems of science. We used to think of a computer as a large machine that took up a whole room. But today computers are becoming smaller and smaller. Though these small devices are called microcomputers or minicomputers, they are still true computers.
The most important parts of the general-purpose computer are as follows: 1) memory, where information is kept; 2) an arithmetic unit for performing calculations, 3) a control unit for the correct order of operations; 4) input devices; 5) output devices for displaying the results of calculations. The input and output devices are called peripherals.
There are several advantages in making computers as small as one can. Sometimes weight is particularly important. A modern plane carries many heavy electronic apparatus. If it is possible to make any of them smaller, it can carry a bigger weight. But weight is not the only factor. The smaller the computer is, the faster it can work. The signals go to and for at a very high but almost constant speed.
Some of the first computer cost millions of dollars, but people quickly learned that it was cheaper to let a million dollar computer make the necessary calculations than to have a hundred clerks who try to do this by hand. Scientists found that computer made fewer mistakes and could fulfil the tasks much faster than almost any number of people by usual methods. The computers became popular. As their popularity grew the number of factories that produce them also grew.
... is built (to be built) ... used to -
... are called (to be called) - ... performing - ()
... displaying the results -
If it is possible -
Answer the following questions:
1.What is a computer?
2.What is the difference between special- and general-purpose computers?
3.What are the main parts of the general-purpose computer?
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VOCABULARY EXERCISES
Exercise 1. :
, , , , , .
Exercise 2. .
1. A computer is a kind of ______ (a typewriter, a table game, a counting machine)
2. We use computers to _______ (play games, solve problems, save money)
3. The text tells us about ______ (special-purpose computer, all-purpose
computer, calculators, general-purpose computers)
4. There are _____ main parts of a general-purpose computer. (many, five, ten, two)
5. The smaller the computer, the ______ it works.
(more effectively, slower, better, faster)
6. The purpose of output devices is to display _________.
(nice pictures, diagrams, words, results of calculations)
7. Computers fulfil the tasks much ______ that people.
(cleverer, better, worse, faster)
Exercise 3. !
By means of , to mean , , means
1. These means control the computer operation. 2. The abbreviation PC means personal computer. 3. He checks the results by means of calculator.
Exercise 4. !
Some , , , the same ,
1.Some examples of computer hardware are shown in Fig. 4. 2. The arrangement of letter keys on a keyboard is the same as on a typewriter. 3. Modern minicomputers can be more powerful than some of the mainframes still in use. 4. CD-ROM drives use the same technology as music CDs and CD players. 5. Multi-user software allows several users to access the same data at the same time. 6. In some banking systems, the customer keys in his identification number using the phone keys. 7. Ink-jet printers can print text with the same quality as laser printers. 8. Some people prefer command-driven menus. 9. DVDs look the same as CDs. 10. Commands for different software packages are rarely the same. 11. Sound can be annoying to some people so it is best to make sound an option. 12. The operating system takes care of the printing and the word processing at the same time.
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
Exercise 1. , - , . .
Organization, functional, available, equipment, processor, completely, architectural, converter, controller, removable, logical, addition, usually, operation, communication, operator, mainly, arithmetic, development, visible, electronic, necessary, computer, computation, generally, different.
Exercise II. ( ) :
A. -er, -or
control, to compute, to design, to use, to manufacture, to work, to simulate, to protect, to process, to deal, to perform, to examine, to program, to execute, to transmit, to convert, to print, to consume, to record.
B. -tion, -sion
To organize, to collect, to combine, to apply (ic), to represent, to add, to corporate, to transact, to compute, to produce, to operate, to execute, to protect, to substitute, to prepare, to invent, to decide, to eliminate, to communicate, to correct, to inform.
C. -ment
To require, to measure, to equip, to invest, to accomplish, to improve, to develop, to achieve, to displace, to govern, to move.
Exercise 3. .
A: small, fast, new, long, late, wide, young, easy, great, dull, rich, large, old, broad.
B: frequent, reliable, possible, basic, common, modern, dependent, general, necessary, successful, scientific.
C: good, bad, little, many, far.
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