, : , .
,
3 →+ + 3ˉ
3ˉ, , , , . . . , (. . , ) . , . , -, , .
: , , . , , , , , , SO2ˉ4 CaSO4; 2+ SO2ˉ4 , . , CaSO4. .
, . , , () .
, , , . , .
, . ,
CH3COONa + HC1 = 3 + NaCl
3ˉ + + = 3
. , (II) (II)
FeSO4 + 2NaOH= Na2SO4 + Fe(OH)2↓,
Fe2+ + 2ˉ = Fe(OH)2↓
, .
. + + ˉ → 2
|
|
. , , . , :
+ + 3ˉ → 3
+ + ˉ → 2
. 3- - . , :
3 + ˉ ↔ 3ˉ + 2
, , , + , .
, , . , . ,
nS() + 2HCl = n12 + H2S
MnS() + 2H+ = Mn2+ + H2S
(MnS), S2ˉ, . , (H2S) S2ˉ, . , S2ˉ , :
S2ˉ + Mn2+ = MnS ()
S2ˉ + 2H+ = H2 S
, H2S MnS S2ˉ. H2S =12 = 6 * 10ˉ22 (. .1); MnS 2,5* 10ˉ10 (. .5). S2ˉ , MnS. .
(). CuS , 6 10ˉ36 (. .5). S2ˉ CuS , ,
CuS(k) + 2HC1 →CuC12 + 2 S
; (II) .
.
, . (III) . 3 3 :
13 + 2 = 3 3 + 3HCl
. .
, , . , ( ), . .
|
|
, , , . , , ;
+ + ˉ → 2
, . .
CH3COONa + H2O → CH3CH + NaOH
3ˉ + 2 → 3 + ˉ
ˉ. [+] [ˉ] , ˉ . , , , .
, , +, :
NH4CI + H2O → NH4OH + HCI
NH +4 + 2 → NH4OH + +
+ - ˉ . , , -, .
, . , , - , . . , , . :
+ 2 → +
= [] []
[] [2]
.
[2] = = [] []
[]
. ; , .
, , . :
= 2
.
, , . , , .
, , .
= 2
.
, , .
, , :
= 2_______
. .
, , . , . , , , , . . .
[] = [ˉ]
. :
[] = [ˉ]
, , :
.=[+ ][ˉ] [] = [+ ][ˉ]
] .
, :
= [] [] = [+] [ˉ ] [ˉ] = [+] [ˉ]