() ( ) , 1 :
, (3.9)
, ; , ×-1; V , (3).
[] = 1 /3= 1 /. , 1 (1N). , 1 , , 0.1; 0.2; 0.02; 0.001, (0.1N), (0.2N), (0.02N), (0.001N) . . , 2, 3, 4 . . 1 , , (2N), (3N), (4N) . .
(), . 1, N, , NaF . ., . 12, 2S04, 12, ()2 . . 1 0,5 . 1N 0,5 , 1 (2N).
. , . , 1 12 1 S04, 1 1:
12 + 2S04 S04 + 1.
() , 1:1. 1 1N (1) : 1 1N (, N); 0.5 2N ; 0.25 4N . , 1 1N 1 2 0.5N ; 4 0.25N . .
, . N1 N2. V1 V2, :
, .
1. N, 400 3 3.2 N.
.
×-1.
, 400 3 , . NaOH
|
|
/3 =0.2N.
2. 2SO4, 500, 196 2SO4. .
.
×-1,
×-1. 2SO4: / = 4,
/ = 8N.
3. 50 2SO4, 25 0.4N NaOH. .
. ,
.
3.2.3