.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


Cross-cultural psychology: problems and tendencies of development




T. P. Emel'yanova

Cand. sci (psychology), docent, head of the chair of social psychology, dean of psychological faculty of Tver State University, Tver

The history of cross-cultural psychology and its main directions during 1960 - 1990 years are analyzed. The results of international research with author's participation devoted to self- revelation in communication based on studying of M. Douglas' cultural characteristics. There are distinguished two leading tendencies in methodology of cross-cultural psychology that were formed in 1990-ies. The comparative analysis of the main empirical approaches of the named period is made (G. Hofstede, S. Schwartz, M. Bond). Methodological schemata and results of cross-cultural researches made within the framework of social representations conception are discussed.

Key words: cross-cultural approaches, intercultural differences, social representations.

. 69

.

: . .

. . .

. , ,

- . - (, ), - -, . , "" .

: , - , , , - , ,

, , , , - , , , , . , - , (, , - , , , , ) . , ( ), - , , .

- - . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , - , , [1, 3, 4, 7 - 10, 13, 15, 17, 19 - 26].

, , - , , , , - . , : , , --

. 70

( ); , , , -, , (.. - ) [5].

, , , - - - , . .

-

: (, ); - (, -).

, , - , - , - , , , , , - .

- - , , , , , - - . - , [2, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18].

- , , , - ( , "-" - ), , [6].

, - , , , - .

: ( ); ; ; . , , , , .

- , - -, .

. 71

-

, . . , , . , . , , , . " ", - " ".

, . : (, ), ( - " "); , ( - " "); , ( - " ").

( ) , - . , .. ; - .

, , , : , . , , , , . , - . - " ".

, - , . : , .

, , , , .. , , . , , . ( , , ), . - .

. 72

, , . .

, , - , , , . , ; - .

. , - , , , .. .

- , , , . - .

() - , . ; , , . , , [6].

, .. , . , , . . " ", - " ".

- , , . , , , .

. ( ), ( ), , , .

, , ..

. 73

( ); .

, , . . - " ".

- , , ( ).

, , , . - , , , ( , , , , ). - - .

, - - , , , , , . , .

, , . - , . - ; - , , - . .

, , . , - , .. . , , . ( ) , .

, : - , - . - "

. 74

".

, , , - .

, . : . ( ) , . , ; - , , . , : ( ), ( ) .

; , .. , , , - . , , " ".

"- "

"-" () - , (, ), ( ) - , . , [6].

, ( , ), .. , . , , . : .

, , - .

, , . ( ) , , . ; , . , - .

. 75

, , , . ; - , . . - " ".

, .. , : . . , . , , , . , - , , .

, , . , , . , , , , (, , - ). , ( , , ) .

. , , .. . , . , , . : , .

, , "- ", , , . : . : , - , . . .

, : - ,

. 76

- . - : " ".

, , , - .

, - , - . , , , , . ; , .. , .

, , , . , "-" " ".

-

- () , . . , , , , . , [6].

"-", , (- , , ) ; - - , , . , . - , " ", - " ".

, , . , () . ( ), - ( ). .

, , , , ( ), ( -

. 77

) , ( ). - , , " ".

, , - , . - , , , , , : , - , .

, - , - . , , , . . , , , - (, , ). , .

, , , , . - , , ( ), .

, : , .. , , , . , , , , . , - - , , . , .

, ( ) . , , , , . , , , - , . , ,

. 78

, . , .

, : - , - . - " ".

, , , - - .

, . , , : ; , . , . , .

, , . , : . , " ".

- . - , , , - . - ( , , ) [6].

, . ( ) , ; "-", , - - , . .

-
"-"
-

. 79

- , - , , .. .

. , . . " " , , .

, - "-", - , .. - , , , . - - "" - : , , , .

"" : , , - , , . : , .. .

* * *

, - , , , , . , , , ; ; , , . : , , , , ( , , ), .

. , . - , . , , , , .

, -

. 80

, - , , , . , , .

1. . . // : , , . .: , 1977. . 149 - 180.

2. . . // : , , . .: , 1990. . 129 - 142.

3. . . : , , . .: , 1990.

4. . . - . .: , 1978.

5. . . // . . 2002. N 1. . 18 - 30.

6. . . // . . 2000. N 5. . 5 - 15.

7. . ., . . - // , . .: , 1981. . 115 - 121.

8. . ., . ., . . ( ). .: , 1996.

9. . ., . ., . . // . 1971. N 3. . 3 - 15.

10. . . . .: , 1972.

11. . . // . 1973. .: , 1973. . 76 - 107.

12. . . , , . .: , 1980.

13. . ., . . : , : . .: , 2001.

14. . ., . ., . . // . : , 1979. . 55 - 132.

15. . ., . ., . ., . . : . .: , 1994.

16. . . . .: -, 2000.

17. . . . .: , 1988.

18. . . : , , . .: , 1988.

19. . . // . .: , 1991. . 3. . 322 - 367.

20. Benders J., Haan J., Bennett D. Will symbiotic approaches become main stream // The Symbiosis of Work and Technology. London: Taylor and Francis, 1995. P. 135 - 148.

21. Billings C.E. Toward a human-centered aircraft automation philosophy // The Intern. J. of Aviation Psychology. 1991. V. l. N 4. P. 261 - 270.

22. Brown O. The evolution and development of macroergonomics // Designing for Everyone // Proceedings of the Eleventh Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, Paris, 1991. V. 3. London: Taylor and Francis, 1991. P. 1175 - 1177.

23. Johannsen G., Levis A.H., Stassen H.G. Theoretical problems in man-machine systems and their experimental validation // Automatica. 1994. V. 30. N 2. P. 217 - 231.

24. Kantowitz B.H., Sorkin R.D. Human factors: understanding people-system relationship. N.Y.: Wiley, 1983.

25. Meshkati N. Cultural context of the safety culture: a conceptual model and experimental study // Human-Automation Interaction: Research and Practice / Ed. M.Mouloua, J.M.Koonce. Mahwah, New Jersey: Erlbaum, 1997. P. 286 - 297.

26. Stanney K.M., Maxey J., Salvendy G. Social contexts in systems design // Human- Automation Interaction: Research and Practice / Ed. M.Mouloua, J.M.Koonce. Mahwah, New Jersey: Erlbaum, 1997. P. 305 - 312.

. 81





:


: 2016-12-06; !; : 414 |


:

:

,
==> ...

1344 - | 1310 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.11 .