I. O. Aleksandrov**, N. E. Maksimova*
* Cand. sci. (psychology), sen. res. ass., IP RAS, Moscow; [email protected]
** Cand. sci. (psychology), sen. res. ass., the same Institute; [email protected]
The paper deals with the characteristics of latent formation of new component of the individual knowledge structure (IKS) related to specific subject area, i.e. conditions of its initiation, duration, number of stages and dynamics of actualized set of IKS components. Ss of 9 age groups ranged from 6 to 58 years, male and female (N = 287) acquired the competence in strategic game if two players (tic-tac-toe on the 15 x 15 board). The formal description of IKS was build for each participant. The successions of 7 acts consisted of newly acquired act of game, 5 its precursors and the next one (N = 783) were analyzed. The vicinity of act "-3" was characterized as beginning of the move choice time increasing, intensive change of IKS components' actualization, maximum of the set of components entropy. By means of the multiple regression modeling procedure it was shown that the latent stage of formation of new IKS component is initialized in the vicinity of act "-3"; this interval is correlated with the state of uncertainty ceased at the moment of first realization of newly formed act. It was shown that new IKS components which are members of the group united by their community, are differentiated successively from their common precursor (protocomponent), and bounded by relation of generation. Thus, three stages of latent forming of new IKS component were found: (1) initiation, beginning with arising of local problem situation of the gameboard; (2) actualization of new IKS component together with IKS components set formed before; (3) actualization as newly acquired act, when relation of new act and its act-precursor became definite.
Key words: learning, development, individual knowledge structure, component, protocomponent, relations, generation, differentiation, neurogenesis, problem situation, strategic game.
. 76
. /
: . . , . .
.
. . *, . . **
* . , ,
** . , ,
. . .
: , , .
- .
|
|
|
, , [3, 6, 7], , . , , , , .
[9] [3]; ; , [7]. , .
, , . / : , , [11].
, . , . , , . , , - . , , . [1, 8, 10, 12]. , [13]. [5].
, , . , , .
. 77
. .
, . , , , ..
|
|
|
[6, 7, 9], , , , , , .
, , , . , , .
, , , .
, , , . , .
(. [7, 9]) : , , , , , .
, , . , , , , , , .. , "" , (. [6]). , , . , , , , , .
, , , , , .. .
- , , , , . , , , - , . .
, , , .
- , ; ; , () , , ; .
|
|
|
: 1) -
. 78
; 2) ; 3) - .
N 1 . - (124 . 12 - 16 ).
. 16 PF .
. ( " "), (. [2]).
: " " " ". , , , , , - . : (, ) (, , ).
, - . , .
- . , , .
" ": " , - , . , , ".
, - 0 2: 1) , , - ; 2) : , , .; 3) : , , , , , , , .; 4) : , , , , , .; 5) : , , , .
, , , .. , .
, - 0 2. ; , , , , . - .
|
|
|
. , . , : 0 , - 10 .
" ": " , , , . , ". .
"" - , 0 2 : 1) - , - (0 ); 2) , , , , , " ", "
. 79
" (1 ); 3) (, ), , , , , , , ., -, , , (2 ). : 0 , - 8 .
, . . , . . . : 1) , . (, , ); 2) ( , ); 3) , ; 4) , . .
, : - , , , , (): .
. : .
1. : 16 PF, (, , ) ; (, ) .
2. : . : , , .
3. (, , ), ( ), , . ; α ≤ 0.05.
, .
, .
4. , 16 PF . ; α ≤ 0.05.
5. .
|
|
|
16 PF .
.
, , , , 30%- . U - . α ≤ 0.05.
.
I. , .
, -
. 80
1.
| 16 PF | |||||
| A E I | 0.15 -0.25* 0.01 | -0.28* -0.01 21*** | -0.20 -0.01 -0.00 | -0.18 0.28* 0.01 | 0.01 0.12 -0.05 |
-- : * α ≤ 0.01; *** α ≤ 0.05.
A - "-"
E - "-",
I - "-".
, . , , , . . . .
, , .
II. , 16 PF. . 1.
E (-). . , , E. .
A (-) - I (-). , , A - I. . " ".
III. , (. . 2).
. ? = 0.01 , ? = 0.05 - .
1.
2. , 1-
3. , 1-
4. , 1-
5. , 1-
6. , 1-
7. , 2-
8. , 2-
9. , 2-
10. , 2-
11. , 2-
12. .
. 81
2.
| PF | |||||||||
| A | = | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |||||
| > | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ||||||
| B | = | ↑ | |||||||
| E | < | ↑ | |||||||
| G | = | ↑ | |||||||
| < | ↑ | ||||||||
| < | ↓ | ||||||||
| H | = | ↓ | |||||||
| > | ↑ | ||||||||
| I | = | ↑ | |||||||
| < | ↓ | ||||||||
| O | = | ↓ | ↑ | ||||||
| < | ↑ | ||||||||
| Q 3 | = | ↑ | ↑ | ||||||
| < | ↓ | ||||||||
| Extr | = | ↑ | ↑ | ||||||
| > | ↓ |
----- ^ - , .
v - , .
> - ,
< - ,
= - .
1. H (-) O ( - ) (. 2).
, , , , H, - O, .. , , . , , H O.
, , , , , , , " ". , , , .
, , , . .
2. , , A (-), I (- ) - (. 2).
A, "-" I, .. , .
, , , , A, "-" , , I, .. -
. 82
, , .
, -, -, - , , , .
3. (- ) (. 2).
, - .
, . , , , .
4. , , A (- ), G ( - ), Q 3 ( - ) (. 2).
, , A Q 3 ( ) G. , .
, , A, - Q 3 G, .. .
, Q 3, , G, , , .
( ) Q 3, , , , , . , .
G . .
, , , . , .
5. ( α = 0.079) I (- ) (. 2).
, , , .
6. B (- ), E (- ), G ( - ), O ( -), Q 3 (- ) -. , . E. , , . , , , (. 2).
. 83
, ( ) , .
, , , A (-), I (-), -. A, Q 3 (- ), G ( - ).
, : . , .
, , , .
I. , , .
. ( ) .
II. : , , . , , - , . . .
III. , , ( ).
, , , , -. ( ) .
IV. , - , - ( E). .
, I (- ), - A (- ).
1. . . - // / . . . . .: . , 1997. . 28 - 348.
2. . ., . . // . .: , 2001. . 234 - 250.
3. . . . .: , 1994.
4. . . : . , 1990. . 1.
5. . . // . . 1991. . 12. N2.
6. . . . .: , 1999.
7. . . : .... . . . ., 1999.
8. . . . .: - , 1958.
. 84
9. . . : .... . . . ., 1993.
10. . . : . . -, 1977.
11. Guilford J. P. The structure of intelligence // Psychol. Bull. 1956. P. 1 - 28.
12. McCleland D. S. Testing for competence rather than for intelligence//American Psychologist. 1973. V. 28. P. 1 - 14.
13. Sternberg R. J., Lubart T. I. An investment theory of creativity and its development // Hum. dev. 1991. V. 34. N 1. P. 1 - 31.
