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Triumphs, tragedies, Paradoxes




22. 6, 2001

. 22, 6, 2001

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. 1

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, " " 2001 ., 22  

. 2

: , ,

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(c) 2001 . . . -. ,

XX .. " ". ( ) 2001 . , - . , . .

: " " .. , - , .. , .. , .

, 1999-2000 . " " ( ) " " (. [17, . 7-9]). "" " XX " .. " " ( ., 1940; , 1946; 1989, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 .). , , XX .

" " 1940 . " " (., 1935) - , ( , , ). " ", , -, . , .. .. 1940 . "" [13], : .. . (2- . ., 1939). .. ( ) ; , " " , 1935 .

1942 . " " - - , .. .. , , , - [6, 22].

1942 . , ( ) . ( 1966 . .. .) 1943-1944 . - .. , .. ., .. , .. , .. ., - ( 1930- ) .

1943 . - ( ) ( .. - 1946 ., .. - 1976 .). 1945 .

. 5

- [6, 22]. " " (., 1940).

1940- . , , . (" " ..), "" 1950 . . ( "" 1946 .). ( - .. ). [6, 14, 22], . , .. . 1950- ( 1951 . .. ).

.. (5 1953 .) "", "" .. - .. , .. , .. , .. , .. . , 20-30- . 1936 . () . .. , .. .. 1930- .

1956 . . ( .) , , .. - , , , .. [19, 20]. , , , . [6, 16].

11 1960 . . .. . , , , , , ( ), .. [6]. 1972 . (16 1971 .) . . . , - - - ( , , , ).

1916-1922 ., , , . 1913. " ". ( ) , , , . ( ) . , " ( )", 1922 . [16, 19].

" " , , , . , , 30-50- . . 1) ,

. 6

, - ( , , ), 2) , - - [15]. " " , . , , . : (, ).

" " . , , - , . , "" , , .., . , " ", "" , .

, "" ( .. ), , , 20- . , - . 1927-1932 . (1844) ( . [16]). ( !) ( !) - .

10- . , [22]. , , , . . 20- . , , , ( ), 1923 . .. (.. "" ). "" , .. , . , , - .. .. ( , ). , - - - .

- , , , , , ..; , , - , , .. - 1922 ., , .

, - , 60-70- . , .

, , , 20- , ( ). , 20- - .. . .. - . , . , , 1930 . "" , , , -

. 7

. .. ( , 1931 .).

- , . : " . , . , , . - , , " [24, . 519]. , , - .

. .. , , - . 1940 . . 1941-1945 ., , ( ) . , , , " " (., 1946).

, (., 2001) , , , , . , , "" ( , , , .). : " " (., 1957), " " (., 1958), " " (., 1959) " " (., 1973, 1997), " , " (.,1960).

, , . , , ( ). : "", "", ; "" , , , [19, . 12]. , . , ( ) - - "" : , - .. ( , , ..) . , , , . .

() : "... , .. , , ... : ... . - - - " [19, . 354]. -

. 8

: , [ , . 349-360] (. [11, . 112-113]).

, " ".

, "" 1946 . . 1957 . - " ": " - - "" . - " [19, . 175]. " " " ", 1947 . (- ), " ". - , , .. . , (.. ). - . 1958 . .. " " [9]: , , - , ( ).

"" - , . , , , , " " , .

, . , 50- . . , , . ( - , , , ..). .

1948-1949 . : , . , , "". , " , ( , , , ), , " [20, . 29].

. ( , ) , .

, , . , , , . .. , .. , , .. , ( !) , .

, - () , ( ). , , , ,

. 9

[19, . 365-369].

, . , , , - : "... , . ; . , , , , . , ... , . " [18, . 13]. , ; , " " [12, . 117], .

, 1940 . 20 (, " "). 1957, 1958 1959 . ( ) , , , . : "... , ... , . - , , - " [19, . 168]; " , , , " [ , . 366]. 50- . ( 30-40- .).

, , 1957 1959 . , 1976 . , " ". , , (, , , , ..). , , , ( , - .. , , .. - ). , , ( ) . : 1940 ., ; .

- , 1940 . - , - . 1959 . , . - - ( , , ..). 1959 . , ", , " (., 1975 1977). " , " ( . -. .). , , , . , : , .. "" "" (, ), "" , , "", "", "" .. ( , ",

. 10

"). , , , . , () [11, . 94-102 .].

"". : 1) (, ) 2) ( ). , , . , ( !) , . , () , . , , , [23, . 7].

- , , , - , .. -, , ( ). , - ( . [1, . 222- 223; 7, . 162-164; 19, . 365-369]). , , .. [3, 5, 25], , . , : 1) ; 2) ( , , , ..). , , () - (, , ) . , 40 .

.. . , [10] . , ( ); , , "" [ , . 73-74]. , , , . - , , , "" 1935, 1940 1946 . - , . . , , , () .

.. "", . - . : , ?!

.. , . , , .., , - . , , (, , , " " [4, 5, 7, 16, 19]).

, , , " " (1930) -

. 11

, .. , , , "". , , . , , , ( - ) . ( ) , , , , .

, , ( ). " " 1910- . . , "" () . , . .

, (.. ). , . . : () (, ) . : - , ; - . : " , . , , " [8, . 6, . 22 . . -.. ].

, : , , . , , , - , - : (, ..), ( ..). , - , . - : ( ) , , ; - (!) , - , , ..; , . : - , - . - : - ( . [4, 5, 16, 19]).

, : , ( .. ) , 40 . .

" ". " " . , . . ( ) , ? ( ). , , , ( - ) , , , . -

. 12

.

, - .

1. .. . .,1973.

2. .. . .-, 1999.

3. ., . . ., 2000.

4. .. - . ., 1968.

5. .. // . ., 1974.

6. .. // . . 1995. N3. . 53-61.

7. .. : , , . .-, 1996.

8. .. : 6- . ., 1982-1984.

9. .. // . 1958. N 3.

10. .. // . 2001. N 2.

11. .. , , . ., 1975.

12. .. // . 1986. N 4.

13. .., .. // . ., 1940. . 47.

14. A.M., .. : .. // . 1989. N 4 5; . . 1996. N 2.

15. . ., 2000.

16. XX . ., 1997.

17. - 2000. . ., 2000.

18. .. // . . 34. ., 1940.

19. .. - . , . ., 1997.

20. .. . ., 1997.

21. .. . .-, 2000.

22. : , , . ., 1989.

23. . .,1972.

24. .. . 3- . ., 1985.

25. Maurer D., Maurer Ch. The World of Newbom. N.Y., 1988.

RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGICAL BESTSELLER:

TRIUMPHS, TRAGEDIES, PARADOXES

A. V. Brushlinsky

Corresponding member of RAS, director of IP RAS

On the All-Russian psychological competition S.L. Rubinstein's monograph "The principles of general psychology" was accepted as the most readable Russian book on psychology. Its new edition (with additions and commentaries of his followers) went out in 2001 year. The history of writing and the future of this book elaborating in details the Subject-Activity theory are analyzed. The unknown facts are discovered. The reply to latterday critics of activity approach is made.

Key words: "The principles of general psychology" of S.L. Rubinstein, subject-activity theory, theories of A.N. Leontjev and L.S. Vygotsky, history of psychology in Russia.

. 13

"" . .

: . .

"" .. *

C)2001.

. . , - ,

XX (1903-1979). .. ( 1941 .), , "" , XXI .

: .. , "" , , , , , -, -, , .

, , , , "" , XXI . , , , 1986, 1990, 1995 1998 ., 1 "Multidisciplinary Newsletter for Activity Theory" 2, ISCRAT - International Standing Conference for the Research on Activity Theory, .. . . . , , , "" , ( ). , , . .. , " , . , [ - .. ], " [9, . 57]. .. , - .. . , , 2000 . ( ). .. 30- ., , , . , ( !) , . , " " 30- , , , , - .

- , " " 3, -

* ( N97-30631).

1 V , 2002 .

2 , .

3 ", - .. "", - "" , " [24,. 13].

. 14

4. ( , ) - . .. .. [4]. , , , , "" 5. , - , , (, , , , ) .

, - .. , . - .. . , ( 1941 .). , "" .

1. ..

. .. -

5 1903 . . 1924 . , .. , , , 1926 . - . (1924-1930) , . . (1896-1934). - , " " [10, . 41]. " " [18], ( ).

( ) (). " ". , , ( ) , : 1) "" 2) . , - , . , , " ", .. , , , " " -

4 , . , : " , "" "" , . "", "", "" ... , "" "", - , , . , , , , . , , , " [30, . 472-473].

5 .. , 1971 . , " , , .. " ", , , , " [9, . 56].

. 15

- . 6. ( "" ) .. - .. -.. (, .. ) , - - , , .

30- . , . . (.. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. .), . .. , .. .

, 7. - , " ": , . , : [21, . 25]. "" " ".

8 (1932- 1933) "-" "-" ( "-"). : " " ( ), " " (-). - . (.. , .. , .. , .. , .. .) , , , , "", . , () " , , " [14, . 330]; , "" , - . . "-" - "" ( " " ).

(1934-1935) . - , . , .. , , , - "" .

6 1928 ., - 1931, 1932 . ( ) , " " "" " ". , .

7 , "" . , , .. - .. - .. - , - .

8 [19,. 42-46].

. 16

(1935-1941) "" "". .





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