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On the role and types of images in cognitive processes




M. S. Shekhter *, A. Ya. Potapova **

* Dr. sci. (psychology), head res. ass., PI RAE, Moscow

** Cand. sci. (psychology), leading res. ass., the same Institute

It is argued that notions (in traditional sense) are formed in learning in two ways: "from concrete to abstract" or "from abstract to concrete". In both cases objects' perception is a necessary (but not deficient) supporting material.

The lately advanced hypothesis that after learning special images- standards arise to be used in cognitive processes as indivisible units is developed. They provide subjective "instantaneous character" of a process. Unlike "Gestalts" these images are postanalytical and that is why they have some advantages. Three stages in perception development are considered. First stage - perception of an object as indivisible unity. The second one - dividing it into elements. Third stage - integration of perceptually reflected elements into indivisible unity which is more complete than initial indivisible image. It is concluded that perception develops "in a spiral way": on the third stage indivisible unity forms again but it is the unity of higher level than initial indivisible image.

Standard-abstracts and standard-prototypes could be distinguished among the set of standard images. Standard prototypes could be called "soft" standards because they do not require identity of standard and perceptible object but only certain degree of their similarity.

Key words: perception, abstract, concrete, standard, indivisible image, prototype.

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