.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


.




- , . . , , , , , . . , , . , , , . ?

. 6 , . , , , , ( 25 4.80 5.00). .

, , , , , . , , , , , . , , , , . , .

. , , (R = = 0.19), (R = 0.34) (R = 0.23) (. . 6). , . , . . , , . , , "" "" , , , . ", - -, - , " [13, . 494]. , . , , , "", .

. 45

6. (- 2000 ., 1 -> 7)

, : (N = 210) (N = 251)
1 2 = 1 - 2
- 4.75 1.34 4.91 1.40 -0 16****
- 3.89 1.28 3.85 1.17 0.04
- 4.37 1.07 4.42 1.24 -0.05
- 5.08 1.49 5.48 1.42 -0.40**
- 5.38 1.29 5.80 1.33 -0.42*
- 5.05 1.43 5.49 1.27 -0.44*
- 5.36 1.30 5.67 1.28 -0.31**
- 4.59 1.56 5.35 1.44 -0.76*
- 5.22 1.32 5.58 1.29 -0.36**
- 5.21 1.44 5.76 1.35 -0.55*
- 5.17 1.31 5.50 1.34 -0.33**
- 4.20 1.27 4.54 1.32 -0.34**
- 4.87 1.32 4.90 1.42 -0.03
- 3.95 1.39 4.61 1.38 -0.66*
- 5.03 1.33 5.47 1.37 -0.44*
- 5.27 1.32 5.84 1.24 -0.57*
- 4.56 1.31 4.81 1.36 -0.25***
- 4.38 1.53 4.89 1.32 -0.51*
- 4.87 1.30 5.37 1.29 -0.50*
- 4.91 1.29 5.42 1.32 -0.51*
- 4.80 1.38 5.41 1.39 -0.61*
- 4.50 1.30 4.76 1.38 -0.26***
- 4.61 1.37 5.36 1.41 -0.75*
- 5.41 1.29 5.86 1.22 -0.45*
- 4.60 1.53 4.90 1.59 -0.30**
4.80   5.00    
- ; - ; * P< 0.001; ** P< 0.01; *** P< 0.05; **** P< 0.30.

7. (- 2000 ., N - 700)

(N = 210) (N = 251)
1 1 R
( 8->40) 26.05 4.51 26.21 4.60 -0.05
( 8->32) 22.70 4.06 23.52 4.48 -0.08***
( 1->23) 10.25 3.88 10.57 3.71 -0.04
( 20->140) 72.88 13.01 70.91 12.35 0.04
( 10->40) 30.01 4.50 30.97 4.27 -0.09**
( 10->70) 38.28 10.85 28.11 12.03 0.34*
( 10->70) 39.63 10.83 34.11 10.41 0.19*
( 10->50) 30.84 6.77 27.25 6.60 0.23*
*P< 0.001. ** P <0.01. *** P < 0.05.          

. 46

8. (- 2000 .)

(N = 210) (N = 251)
, 2 = Mj- M 2
( ) ( 1 -> 4) 2.96 0.94 3.04 0.89 -0.08
( 1 -> 4) 2.29 1.29 2.29 1.27 0.00
( 1 -> 4) 2.14 1.28 2.23 1.32 -0.09
( 1 -> 6) 3.48 1.38 3.77 1.17 -0.29*
? ( 1 -> 5) 2.82 1.08 2.87 1.13 -0.05
? ( 1 -> 5) 2.99 0.97 3.15 1.04 -0.16**
* < 0.05.
** P <0.10.

, . , , , . . , , . , - , . , , , .

- , [13, . 496]. , (, , , .) . . , , , . . , , . , , . , , , .

. " , . - , - ", - "" [1, . 202]. , , , , , , , [18]. , , . , (R = -0.09, P < 0.01). : (, ), [29, . 220].

, (R = -0.08, P < 0.05). - ? - ? , ? , , , .

9 ( ). - (. . 8).

. 47

9. (- 2000 .)

(N = 210) (N = 251)
1 2 = 1 - 2
( 1 ->6) 3.40 1.32 3.81 1.22 -0.41*
( 1 ->4) 1.84 1.02 2.04 1.06 -0.20***
( 1->5) 2.89 1.11 3.18 1.13 -0.29**
( 1->5) 2.86 1.15 3.11 1.30 -0.25***
( 1->5) 2.34 1.11 2.56 1.15 -0.22***
( 1 ->4) 2.20 0.87 2.27 0.88 -0.07
, , ( 1 ->5) 3.46 1.09 3.57 1.17 0.11
* P< 0.001, ** P <0.01, *** P< 0.05.          

. -, , - , . , , , , . -, , : . .

. . , , , [24, 25]. : " , " [11, . 93]. , , , . , , . , [9, . 436]. , , [ , . 438].

. 9, ; , ; ; ( ).

. ? : " , ?" " " - 34.7%. " " - 22.8%. , " " (18.3%). , (3.8%) (1.2%). 16.5% .

, ( - 57.5%). , , - . ? .

, . , , . ,

. 48

, , .

, , , , , , , , . . , , ( ) ().

, , , . . , , , , , , .., .

, , , . , ( , , .), , .

, : 18 - 24, 30 - 34 55 - 59 . , , . ( ) . .

, , - . , , , , . .

, , , . , , , " ", .. .

. : , , (, , ). : , .

1. . // . . .: , 2000. . 201 - 203.

2. . // . . 1997. . 28. N 6. . 3 - 12.

3. . // . : , 1983. . 222 - 225.

4. . // . . 1999. . 20. N 4. . 26 - 35.

5. . // . . 2000. . 21. N2. . 27 - 39.

6. . : , // . 2001. N 1 . 5 - 32.

7. . // . .: , 1990. . .: 4 . . 1. . 70 - 96.

8. . // . .: , 1972. . .: 3 . . 3. . 2. . 499 - 568.

9. . -. . .: , 1998.

10. . // . .: . ., 1962.

11. . .: , 1989. 1.

12. . . .: , 1999.

13. Ben-Ze'ev A. Envie // Dictionnaire d' Etique et de Philosophy Morale // Sous dir. de M. Canto-Sperber. Paris: Press Universitaires de Frances, 1997. P. 493 - 497.

. 49

14. Duffy M. K., Shaw J. D. The Salieri Syndrome. Consequences of Envy in Group // Small Group Research. 2000. V. 31. P. 3 - 23.

15. Foster G. M. The Anatomy of Envy: A Study of Symbolic Behavior // Current Anthropology. 1972. V. 13. P. 165 - 186.

16. Harding S., Phillips D., Fogarty M. Contrasting Values in Western Europe. Unity, Diversity and Change. L.: Macmillan, 1986.

17. Mora G. F. de la. Egalitarian Envy. N.Y.: Paragon House Publishers, 1987.

18. Roger D. Self-Esteem, Stress, and Emotion // Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998. V. 3. P. 412 - 416.

19. Rosenberg M. Self-Esteem Scale // Measures of Social Psychological Attitudes / Ed. Robinson J. P. and Shaver P. R. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, 1972. P. 98 - 101.

20. Rotter J. B. Generalized Expectancies for Internal versus External Control of Reinforcement // Psychological Monographs. 1996. V. 80. P. 1 - 28.

21. Rubin Z., Peplau L. A. Who Believes in a Just World // J. of Soc. Issues. 1975. V. 31. P. 65 - 89.

22. Scheier M. F., Carver Ch. S. Optimism, Coping, and Health: Assessment and Implications of Generalized Outcome Expectancies // Health Psychology. 1985. V. 4. P. 219 - 247.

23. Schoek H. Envy. N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1969.

24. Smith R. H., Diener E., Garonzik R. The Roles of Outcome Satisfaction and Comparison Alternatives in Envy //British J. of Soc. Psychol., 1990. V. 29. P. 247 - 255.

25. Smith R. H., Parr on W. G., Ozer D., Moniz A. Subjective Injustice and Inferiority as Predictors of Hostile and Depressive Feelings in Envy // Pers. and Soc. Psych. Bull. 1994. V. 20. P. 705 - 711.

26. Snyder C. R., Harris Ch., Anderson J. R., Holleran Sh. A., Irving L. M., Sigmon S. T., Yoshinobu L., Gibb J., Langelle Ch., Harney P. The Will and the Ways: Development and Validation of an Individual-Differences Measure of Hope // J. of Pers. and Soc. Psychology. 1991. V. 60. P. 570 - 585.

27. Struckless N., Goranson R. The Vengeance Scale: Development of a Measure of Attitude Toward Revenge // J. of Soc. Behav. and Pers. 1992. V. 7. P. 25 - 42.

28. The Individualizing Society. Value Change in Europe and North America / Eds. Ester P., Halman L., de Moor A. Tilburg: Tilburg University Press, 1993.

29. Vecchio R. P. It's not Easy Being Green: Jealousy and Envy in the Workplace // Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management. 1995. V. 13. P. 201 - 244.

ENVY OF PERSONALITY (part 1)

K. Muzdybayev

Cand. sci. (psychology), lead. res. ass., SIRAS, St. -Petersburg

The results of two researches of personal, cognitive and behavioral correlates of envy, envious relation to success and luckiness are analyzed. The scale of envy was elaborated. Each research was made on 700 Ss. Envious respondents are less adapted to new economic situation. They have less satisfaction with their financial and social status, they are not satisfied with life and feel more unhappy then not envious respondents. Ss who have higher scores on the scale of envy manifest disloyalty to people, they tend to overstep the mark voluntarily and demonstrate deviant social behavior. Three age-related periods of enhanced envy were found: 18 - 24, 30 - 34 and 55 - 59 years. It was found that envy is peculiar to students unlike workers of the state sector of economy.

Key words: envy, success, advantage, achievement, egoism, locus of control, belief in fair world, self-esteem, rancour, optimism, hope, happiness, satisfaction with life, attribution of personal traits, acceptable behavior.

. 50





:


: 2016-12-06; !; : 410 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1483 - | 1307 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.061 .