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The summary and perspective research directions in Psychology of labour in the XXI century




L. G. Dikaya

Dr. sci. (psychology), head of the laboratory of psychology of labour, IP RAS, Moscow

There are generalized the results of researches made in the laboratory of psychology of labour within the framework of main directions of this scientific branch at the new stage of technical-scientific development and contemporary social-economic changes. The theories and methodological approaches elaborated in the named laboratory that facilitate solution of the main problems of psychology of labour are analyzed considering each direction. The paper reflects objective situation in society and psychological science, and the attempts to solve scientifically the main problems of psychology of labour using general methodological bases are analyzed. The emphasis is put on the generalizing of research results concerning actual psychological problems of the subject of labour as a personality and professional including complicated professional activity, coping with difficult functional states in extreme and stressful conditions.

Key words: subject of activity, professional activity, intersystem approach, professionalism, professiogenesis, psychological system of activity, intersystem interaction, mental self-regulation, extreme conditions, functional state, coping with stress, adaptation.

. 37

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. 38

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. 39

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. 40

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1. , "", "" " " ( - 1997 ., N = 700, %)

  (), () (): =X 1 -X 3 =X 1 -X 2
  X 1 X 2 X 3    
10.3 17.6 24.4 -14.1* 7.3**
80.3 71.6 60.9 19.4 8.7
9.4 10.9 14.9 -5.5 1.5
* P <0.01.
** P < 0.20.

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2. () (- 1997 . N = 700, %)

(), () : : =X 1 -X 3 =X 1 -X 2
1 . . 10 . . 100 . .
X 1 X 2 X 3
23.6 38.2 41.1 -17.5* -14.6**
35.8 21.6 14.0 14.2 21.2
40.6 40.3 44.9 -4.3 0.3
* P< 0.001.
** P <0.01.

, , .. . , , , . , , , , , .

(. . 2) , ( 100 . ). ( ), , - - , . , , .

3. (- 2000 ., % )

N (10 -> 70)
19   34.72 11.35
20 - 24   34.35 9.52
25 - 29   30.87 10.48
30 - 34   33.17 9.90
35 - 39   30.45 9.69
40 - 44   29.75 10.60
45 - 49   28.68 9.22
50 - 54   31.20 10.31
55 - 59   33.48 10.49
60   31.36 9.56
  31.72 10.20

, (. 2) , (. 1). - . . , , , . , . : - - 40% .

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4. - (- 2000 ., % )

- N ( 10 - - 70)
  25.3 26.3 48.4 35.92 10.08
  35.0 38.0 27.0 31.75 9.76
  37.6 36.6 25.7 31.40 10.59
  34.3 35.4 30.3 31.34 9.43
  37.8 36.7 25.5 31.29 9.68
  39.8 29.6 30.6 30.72 10.65
  42.7 32.0 25.2 29.86 10.36
  35.5 32.0 32.6 32.02 10.53
  36.8 35.1 28.0 31.43 9.89
  36.2 33.6 30.3 31.72 10.20

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2 , 25 ( ). , , : 35.92 32.46, p < 0.05.

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5. (- 2000 ., 1 -> 7)

(N = 210) (N = 251)
1 2 = 1 - 2
3.43 2.08 3.03 2.11 0.40***
2.31 1.77 1.84 1.57 0.47**
2.26 1.76 1.69 1.39 0.57*
3.15 2.08 2.49 2.04 0.66*
3.99 1.85 3.86 2.04 0.16
4.37 1.83 4.57 1.99 -0.20
3.10 1.94 2.69 1.84 0.41***
4.29 2.08 4.18 2.08 0.11
1.94 1.44 1.57 1.20 0.37**
1.64 1.35 1.27 0.92 0.37*
         
1.94 1.48 1.63 1.37 0.31***
3.21 1.82 2.38 1.77 0.83*
2.17 1.69 1.52 1.29 0.65*
3.07 1.83 2.82 1.78 q 25*****
2.87 1.94 2.26 1.76 0.61*
2.49 1.94 2.19 1.75 0.30****
2.73 1.85 2.16 1.66 0.57*
2.30 1.93 1.85 1.66 0.45**
2.79 1.84 2.19 1.72 0.60*
3.37 2.01 3.08 1.97 0.29*****
1.43 1.20 1.15 0.75 0.28**
1.49 1.15 1.19 0.87 0.30**
3.60 2.04 3.00 2.13 0.60**
( ) 4.04 2.27 3.33 2.12 0.71*
2.35 1.55 2.13 1.64 0/22*****
2.64 1.63 2.37 1.62 0.27****
2.04 1.56 1.48 1.08 0.56*
2.78   2.37    
-; - ; * P < 0.001; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.05; **** P < 0.10; ***** P < 0.20.

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