. , , ( ). : ( H), P M ( ,
). , H, P, M:
ρ = ρ(H, P,M)
N , :
[N, H] = 0 N , 0, 1, 2,.... :
ρ = ρ(H, P,M, N)
P = M = 0 :
ρ = ρ(H) ρ = ρ(H, N)
, , , , V.
, . , V N, ∆E << E. , E, E + ∆E . :
[Ω(E, N, V)] ̄ ¹ E ≤ Ek ≤ E + ∆E
w(Ek) =
0
. , Ω(E, N, V) , E, E+∆E N V.
( ):
:
∆(x) , 0 ≤ x ≤ ∆E, , . , , . .