1. Количество контрольных заданий, выполняемых вами на каждом курсе, устанавливается учебным планом института. В письме кафедры иностранных языков института вы получите точный график выполнения контрольных работ.
2. Каждое контрольное задание в данном пособии предлагается в пяти вариантах. Студент должен выполнить один из пяти вариантов контрольных работ.
3. Выполнять каждую письменную контрольную работу следует в отдельной тетради. На обложке тетради напишите свою фамилию, имя, отчество, номер контрольной работы, название института, номер группы.
4. Контрольные работы должны выполняться чернилами. аккуратно, четким почерком. При выполнении контрольной работы оставляйте в тетради широкие поля для замечаний, объяснений и методических указаний рецензента.
Материал контрольной работы следует располагать в тетради по следующему образцу:
4. Контрольные работы должны быть выполнены в той последовательности, в которой они даны в данном пособии.
Правая сторона левая сторона
| поля | Английский текст | Русский тектс | поля |
6. В каждом контрольном задании выделяются один или два абзаца для проверки умения читать без словаря, понимать основную мысль, изложенную в абзаце. После текста дается контрольный вопрос, с помощью которого проверяется, насколько правильно и точно вы поняли мысль, изложенную в абзаце \абзацах. Ниже предлагается несколько вариантов ответов. Среди этих вариантов необходимо найти тот, который наиболее правильно и четко отвечает на поставленный вопрос.
7. Выполненные контрольные работы направляйте для проверки и рецензирования в институт в установленные сроки.
8. Если контрольная работа выполнена без соблюдения указаний или не полностью, она возвращается без проверки.
VI. ИСПРАВЛЕНИЕ РАБОТЫ НА ОСНОВЕ РЕЦЕНЗИИ
1. При получении от рецензента проверенной контрольной работы внимательно прочитайте рецензию, ознакомьтесь с замечаниями рецензента и проанализируйте отмеченные в работе ошибки.
2. Руководствуясь указаниями рецензента, проработайте еще раз учебный материал. Все предложения, в которых были обнаружены орфографические и грамматические ошибки или неточности перевода, перепишите начисто в исправленном виде в конце данной контрольной работы.
3. Только после того, как будут выполнены все указания рецензента и исправлены все ошибки, можно приступить к изучению материала очередного контрольного задания и его выполнению.
4. Отрецензированные контрольные работы являются учебными документами, которые необходимо сохранять; помните о том, что во время зачета или экзамена производится проверка усвоения материала, вошедшего в контрольные работы.
VII. ПИСЬМЕННЫЕ КОНСУЛЬТАЦИИ
Следует сообщить своему рецензенту о всех затруднениях, возникающих у вас при самостоятельном изучении английского языка, а именно: а) какие предложения в тексте вызывают затруднения при переводе; б) какой раздел грамматики вам непонятен;») какие правила, пояснения, формулировки неясны; г) какие упражнения вам трудны и что именно в них представляется затруднительным.
При этом укажите название учебника или учебного пособия, по которому вы занимаетесь, год издания, страницу учебника, номер упражнения.
VIII. ПОДГОТОВКА К ЗАЧЕТАМ И ЭКЗАМЕНАМ
В процессе подготовки к зачетам иэкзаменам рекомендуется:
а) повторно прочитать и перевести наиболее трудные тексты из учебника
б) просмотреть материал отрецензированных контрольных работ
в) проделать выборочно отдельные упражнения из учебника для самопроверки
г) повторить материал для устных упражнений.
КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ
Контрольное задание №1
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание №1, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику.
1. ИМЯ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ. Множественное число. Артикли и предлоги как показатели имени существительного. Выражения падежных отношений в английском языке с помощью предлогов и окончания –s. Существительное в функции определения и его перевод на русский язык.
2. ИМЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ. Степени сравнения имен прилагательных. Конструкции типа the more …..the less.
3. ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ. Количественные и порядковые. Правила чтения простых и десятичных дробей. Правила чтения дат.
4. МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ: личные, притяжательные, вопросительные, указательные, неопределенные и отрицательные.
5. Форма НАСТОЯЩЕГО (Ргеsent); ПРОШЕДШЕГО (Раst); БУДУЩЕГО (Futuге) времени группы Simple действительного залога изъявительного наклонения. Спряжение глаголов to be, to have в Present и Future Simple.Повелительное наклонение и его отрицательная форма.
6. ПРОСТОЕ РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ: прямой порядок слов повествовательного и побудительного предложений в утвердительной и отрицательной формах; обратный порядок слов вопросительного предложения. Оборот there is /аге.
7. Основные случаи словообразования.
Используйте следующие образцы выполнения упражнений.
Образец выполнения 1 (к упр 1)
Грамматическая функция окончания -s.
1. Тhe students attend lectures and seminars.
Студенты посещают лекции и семинары.
Lectures - множественное число от имени существительного a lecture – лекция.
2. Не 1еctures on economy. Он читает лекции по экономике.
Lectures - 3 лицо единственного числа от глагола to lecture в Present Simple
3. My brother’s son is a student. Сын моего брата - студент.
Слово brother’s, -s - окончание притяжательного падежа имени существительного
в единственном числе.
4. My brothers’ sons are students. Сыновья моих братьев - студенты.
Слово brothers' - форма притяжательного падежа имени существительного
а brother во множественном числе.
Образец выполнения 2 (к упр. II)
Особенности перевода на русский язык английских имен существительных, употребляющихся в функции определения, стоящего перед определяемым словом.
1. Тhis scientist works at some problems of marketing.-Этот ученый работает над проблемами маркетинга.
2. Market prices of these goods are rather high – Рыночные цены на эти товары довольно высокие.
Образец выполнения 3 (к упр. 5)
Lomonosov founded the first Russian University in Moscow.
Ломоносов основал в Москве первый русский университет.
Founded – Past Simple Active от стандартного глагола to found.
ВАРИАНТ 1
I. Перепишите следующие предложения и определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.Не likes the lectures on history.
2. Blue suits you.
3. I usually take my sister’s books.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).
.1. I visited his country house last weekend.
2. The bus stop is not far from here.
3..Every office worker uses a computer.
III. Перепишите предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. The prices are getting higher.
2. You need to be more attentive.
3. The smaller the parcel is, the cheaper it is to post.
4. The old office building is not as tall as the new one.
IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.
1. There was no money for the operation.
2. Has he got any books on marketing?
3. The teacher always gives us some English articles.
4. Everything is getting better.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).
1.They replied to his letter.
2. The results of these experiments remain a secret.
3. I shall do everything to help you.
4. The UK consists of four countries.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы текста.
VII. Прочитайте еще раз текст KIMES. Укажите, какое утверждение лучше всего соответствует содержанию данного абзаца.
1. KIMES cooperates with many factories and plants abroad.
2. KIMES students will be able to go abroad to practice a foreign language.
3. KIMES does business with foreign countries in many fields but economics and information technologies.
KIMES
1.KIMES (Korolev institute of management, economics and sociology) was founded in 1998 and in 2003 had its first graduates. In spite of its short history RIMES has gained a good reputation in the Moscow region.
2. The main objective of the institute is to prepare competitive specialists in management, economics, finance, accounting, information technologies, psychology, business studies, as well as to provide the opportunity of successful career growth.
3. There are nine chairs at the institute. They are: Social sciences and the Humanities, Foreign languages, Mathematics and Natural sciences, Psychology, Economics and Management, Information technology, Accounting, Quality management, and Finance ones. The part-time department trains managers, accountants and specialists in psychology.
4. KIMES facilities comprise two modern buildings with multi-media class-rooms and lecture and conference halls, a library, a canteen and a buffet. The institute rents a swimming pool and a gym for sports lessons.
5. There is a post-graduate course in economics, management and finance in RIMES. A new department of additional education, preparing translators and interpreters, was opened. in 2007.
6. KIMES is currently establishing international contacts with the universities and colleges in Spain, Germany, Ireland USA, Italy and other countries. The fields of particular interest are economics and information technologies.
7. KIMES can boast its fine traditions such as celebrating Victory Day, Tatyana’s Day, Student’s Day, etc.,. The brilliant Student Theatre-Studio and KVN team have got prizes at various all-Russia competitions. Those who are interested in politics can have disputes in the Political club.
*A post-graduate course – аспирантура
.
ВАРИАНТ 2
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием - s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного;(см. образец выполнения 1).
Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1.The Russian State Library houses 22 reading halls.
2. This store contains a good collection of children’s, women’s and men‘s clothing.
3. Moscow is the Russia’s scientific and cultural center.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2)
1. The city centre is not far from here.
2. Several Moscow University economists are working at this problem.
3. The KIMES conference hall houses 120 people.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. St.Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia and one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
2. The more we study, the more we learn.
3. A good name is better than riches.
4. He earns twice as much as he did before.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.
1. He asked me some questions.
2. No newspaper wrote about it.
3. Nobody knows this subject well.
4. You can take any book you like.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.He will be 20 on Monday.
2. Peter the Great moved the capital to St.Petersburg in 1712.
3. Moscow is the cultural center of Russia.
4. The bridge connects the old and the new parts of the city.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите 5, 6, и 7 абзацы текста.
VII. Прочитайте текст Moscow еще раз. Из приведенных утверждений выберите наиболее соответствующее тексту.
1.Moscow has always been the capital of Russia.
2. Moscow has always remained the heart of Russia.
3. Moscow has always been the political centre of Russia.
MOSCOW
1. Moscow is the capital of Russia, its administrative, economic, political and educational centre. It is one of Russia's major cities with the population of about 9 million people. Its total area is about 900 thousand square kilometres.
2. The city was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky and was first mentioned in the chronicles in 1147. At that time it was a small frontier settlement. By the 15th century Moscow had grown into a wealthy city.
3. In the 16th century, under Ivan the Terrible Moscow became the capital of the state of Muscovy. In the 18th century Peter the Great transferred the capital to St. Petersburg, but Moscow remained the heart of Russia.
4. The present-day Moscow is the seat of the government of the Russian Federation. The President of Russia lives and works here; government offices are located here, too.
Moscow is a major industrial city. Its leading industries are engineering, chemical and light industries.
5.Moscow is known for its many historical buildings, museums and art galleries, as well as for the famous Bolshoy, Maly and Art theatres. There are more than 80 museums in Moscow.
6. One of the principal streets in Moscow is Tverskaya Street. It is one of the busiest shopping streets in Moscow. Its stores offer a wide choice of fashionable items manufactured by the leading firms of the world. The famous state store Eliseyevsky Gastronom offers a lot of fresh fruit and vegetables, cakes, meat, etc..
7.Moscow is the city of science and learning. There are over 80 higher educational institutions in the city including the Moscow State University, the oldest one in Russia.
ВАРИАНТ 3
1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-его лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple
б) признаком множественного числа имени сушествительного
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного(см. образец выполнения 1).
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Our university trains students in many specialized fields.
2. Trains from Moscow arrive in St.Petersburg at the Moscow railway station.
3. The company’s turnover grew by 2% last year.
II. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на разные способы перевода существительных в функции определения.
1. The University trains specialists in different fields of knowledge.
2. He passed his graduation examinations with excellent marks.
3. Students carry out their laboratory tests in modern laboratories.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. There are more than 50 schools of higher learning in St. Petersburg.
2. Mathematics is as important for technical students as physics.
3. The more systematic are our studies, the deeper is our knowledge.
4.Martin is the worst student in our groop..
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений и наречий.
1. Some electric devices find wide application in every house.
2. Tell us everything about your Institute.
3. We couldn't find this book anywhere.
4. Somebody told me about it.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).
1. The dean will come here later.
2. The student made no mistakes in his translation.
3. Economics is the study of economies.
4. The city lies on forty-two islands.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4-ый абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2-й и 3-й абзацы текста.
VII. Прочитайте еще раз 4-й абзац текста и укажите, какое предложение больше всего соответствует его содержанию.
1. The surrounding towns are as popular among tourists as the city itself.
2. St. Isaac’s Cathedral contains fine examples of European paintings.
3. St. Petersburg is mostly famous for the Hermitage.
ST.PETERSBURG
1. St. Petersburg (Leningrad) is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. Its history is inseparable from the history of the Russian people and dates back to the beginning of the 18th century. The city was founded by Peter the First in 1783 on the banks of the Neva river. The city lies on forty-two islands. Three hundred and sixty bridges cross the river and the canals in the city.
2. St. Petersburg is famous for its revolutionary past, its heroism during the Great Patriotic War. Leningrad stood against the enemy for nine hundred days and over half a million people died in the blockade but did not let the enemy come into the city.
3. Today St. Petersburg is a centre of industry, science and culture in Russia. It has about 300 research and design institutes and more than 40 higher educational establishments with a total of about 275 000 students. The city is known for its highly developed industry producing everything, from powerful turbines and machine tools to sophisticated gadgets.
4. St. Petersburg is called the city of museums. There are about 50 museums of different kind. Among them are the State Hermitage, one of the world's largest fine art museums, the State Russian Museum and others. There are also14 theatres, 40 palaces, 50 cinemas, a lot of libraries, parks and squares in St. Petersburg.. Most of the city's buildings form architectural compositions of great artistic value. The famous tourist attractions are the Summer Palace, the Admiralty, St. Isaac's Cathedral, Alexander Column, the Statue of Peter the Great and many others. The environments of the St. Petersburg are as famous as the city itself. The popular tourist destinations are Petrodvorets, Lomonosov, Pushkin, Pavlovsk and Gattchina.
ВАРИАНТ 4
I. Перепишите предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. является ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).
I. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Today the city covers 1.600 square kilometres.
2. It is the most pleasant surprise to see so many parks in London.
3. The most striking of the buildings is St. Paul's Cathedral.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных существительными (см. образец выполнения 2).
1. London is one of the most beautiful capital cities in the world.
2. St. Petersburg summit was an important political event.
3. The Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big hour bell, known as "Big Ben".
III.Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их
на русский язык.
1. London is one of the oldest and most interesting cities in the world.
2. The more you walk about London the more you like it.
3. Westminster Abbey has much more historic associations than any other building in Britain.
4. Gatwick isn’t as big and modern as Heathrow.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.
1. To any visitor the city is an exciting mixture of sights, sounds and people.
2. There are some famous ancient buildings within the old part of the city.
3. If you want to see the priceless collection of ancient manuscripts, coins, and sculptures you must go nowhere, but the British Museum.
4. ‘There is something in my eye, doctor.’
V Перепишите следующие предложения, в них видо-временные формы глагола и укажите их инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).
1. Almost a million people work in the City during the day.
2. That was long before the Romans came.
3. In the centre of London you will see famous buildings -Buckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament, and others.
4. London began on two small patches of dry land in the middle of a marsh on the north bank of the Thames.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4-ый абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,2 и 3-ий абзацы текста.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Письменно переведите 3й и 4й абзацы.
VII. Прочитайте 4-ый абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащий правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
How many people come to the City to work?
1 Few people live here but over a million people come to the City to work.
2. Few people live here but half a million people come to the City to work,
3. Few people live here but over two million people come to the City to work.
LONDON
1. London is one of the most complex cities in the world. To the Londoner it is more a collection of village areas than one large city. To the visitor it is an exciting mixture of sights, sounds and people.
2. London began on two small patches of dry land in the middle of a marsh on the north bank of the Thames. That was long before the Romans came. In Roman times it was named Londinium, and was already a large centre of trade. Alfred the Great took London from the Danes and it gradually replaced Winchester as the capital. Since then it has grown and grown. Today it covers a greater area than any other city in the world, has about 9 million inhabitants and is the capital of the United Kingdom.
3. As you approach the centre of London, you see the busy shopping streets and catch a first glimpse of the famous building - Buckingham Palace or the Houses of Parliament -or focal points like Piccadilly Circus and Trafalgar Square. Everywhere there are bright red buses, and black taxis and busy restaurants; it is the most pleasant surprise to see so many parks, trees and gardens in London.
4. The heart of London is the City, its financial and business centre. Numerous banks, offices and firms are situated there, including the Bank of England. Few people live here, but over a million people come to the City to work. There are some famous ancient buildings within the City. Perhaps the most striking of them is St. Paul's Cathedral; the greatest of English churches. It was built in the 17th century by Sir Christopher Wren. The Tower of London was founded by Julius Caesar and in 1066 rebuilt by William the Conqueror. It was used as a fortress, a royal palace and a prison. Now it is a museum.
Пояснения к тексту:
The Bank of England - Английский банк
The Stock of Exchange - Лондонская фондовая биржа
Тhe Old Bailey - Центральный уголовный суд
Focal points - главные достопримечательности
ВАРИАНТ 5
I. Перепишите предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам,. какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т, е является оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Now New York includes five boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Richmond.
2. Manhattan is the smallest of the five city boroughs in size.
3. New York's two biggest airports are both in Queens area.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именами существительными, (см. образец 2).
1 Today Manhattan is the centre of business life of thecountry.
2. The city traffic is very heavy.
3. There are a lot of art galleries and many impressive artmuseums in New York.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. New York is one of the largest and most interesting cities in the world.
2. The more you walk about New York the more you areamazed.
3. A greater proportion of New Yorkers live at a lowerlevel than the average for the US.
4. Brooklyn is not so popular with tourists as Manhattan is.
IY. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.
1. Brooklyn has more people than any other part of the city.
2. Among the inhabitants of New York one can meet people of almost all nations.
3. The main New York Public Library, with some 25,000,000 volumes is one of the world's greatest centres of research.
4.In the 19th century Manhattanwas mostly swamp; peoplelived in houses which werenothing morethan rows of dark cages: no lighting, running water orwindows.
Y. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык. (см. образец выполнения 3).
1. Numerous bridges link Manhattan Island with the opposite shores.
2. Dutch colonists bought Manhattan Island from Indians for 24 dollars and a barrel of rum.
3. Everywhere in New York you will see sky-scrapers.
4. The Statue of Liberty was a present from France in 1876 for the hundredth anniversary of American independence.
VI.Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,2, и 4-ый абзацы текста.
VII. Прочитайте текста еще раз. Из приведенных вариантов ответов укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
What is the population of New York including the suburbs?
1. The population of New York is 8 million people if you include the suburbs.
2. The population of New York is 4 million people if you include the suburbs.
3. The population of New York is 16 million people if you include the suburbs.
NEW YORK
1. New York is the largest metropolis in the United States. Officially it is the City of New York, and popularly it is called New York City. It was founded by the Dutch more than three hundred years ago at the mouth of the Hudson River. In 1626 Dutch colonists set up here the first settlement, named New Amsterdam. They bought Manhattan Island from Indians for 24 dollars and a barrel of rum. The Americans say that it was the best business deal ever made in New York. In 1664 the colony was captured by British fleet under the Duke of York and renamed New York. In the 18th century New York grew into the largest city of the USA.
2 New York is difficult to describe. You can say anything you like about it and always be right; if you listen to different people talking about it, they can each describe a different town. For some, it's a centre of art, music and theatre; for others, a city of finance and politics. First of all, New York is the greatest seaport in the USA. More than half the trade of the USA goes through the city. It is also a great financial centre where "money-making" is the main law of life. It is the symbol of big business and its Wall Street has become a nickname for big monopolies all over the world. Economic and financial power of the US is concentrated in the sky-scrapers of Wall Street, in the world's exchange, in the banks, among them the oldest in the city. The Bank of New York was founded in 1784. New York is the leading textile centre of the country and its clothes industry. It has a considerable printing industry and many book-shops. It is also undoubtedly one of the centres of social and spiritual life of America.
3 New York includes five boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Richmond The population of New York now is 8million people - 16 million if you include the suburbs and another four million come to the city to work here but live elsewhere. Among the inhabitants of York one can meet people of almost all nations. The citizens speak seventy-five different languages. It is even called "Modern Babylon".
4. New York is a city of striking social contrasts. It is a place where most millionaires live and at the same time a greater proportion of New Yorkers live at a lower level than the average for the US.
Пояснения к тексту:
Stock Exchange - фондовая биржа
borough (амер.) - городской район
elsewhere - где-нибудь в другом месте
to die – здесь. затихать
Контрольное задание N 2
Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить задание N 2 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы
курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:
1. Видо-временные формы глагола: а) активный залог -формы Simple (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы – Perfect (Present, Past, Future); 6) пассивный залог - формы Simple (Present, Past, Future).
2. Модальные глаголы: а) модальные глаголы, выражающие возможность: can (could), may и эквивалент глагола саn – to be able to; 6) модальные глаголы, выражающие должествование: must, его эквиваленты to have to, to be to..
3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I (Present Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства, The Gerund - герундий, простые формы.
4. Определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения (союзные); придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.
5. Интернациональные слова.
Используйте следующие образцы выполнения упражнений.
Образец выполнения I (к упр. I).
The prices had changed before June began.
Цены изменились до начала июня.
Had changed – Past Perfect Active от глагола – to change
The new laboratory equipment was sent for yesterday.
Вчера послали за новым оборудованием лаборатории
Was sent for – Past Simple Passive от глагола – to sent for.
Образец выполнения 2 (к упр. II).
The changes affecting the prices are important.
Изменения, влияющие на цены, важны..
Affecting – Participle I, определение
When exported the consumer goods are examined.
Когда потребительские товары экспорптируются, они проходят контроль.
Exported – Participle II, обстоятельство.
The goods are imported by this firm.
Товары импортируются этой фирмой
Are imported - Participle II, составная часть видо- временной формы в Present Simple Passive от глагола to import.
ВАРИАНТ 1
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций (см. образец выполнения 1).
а)
1. This company delivers various goods.
2. The students have already done the translation.
3. Brian was reading the article when Martha came.
b)
1. This question will be discussed tomorrow.
2. The article was much spoken about.
3. Such goods are exported from France.
.II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Раrticiple II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола- сказуемого. Переведите предложение на русский (см.образец выполнения 2}
1. The book ordered last month has not arrived yet
2. The student sitting at the window made an interesting report.
3. Feeling unwell he decided to stay at home.
4. The terms agreed upon were included in the contract.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1 You may take any book you like.
2 He said that he could ship the goods in September.
3 They had to sign the contract yesterday.
4 You should take better care of your health.
5. She will be able to read this text.
IV. Прочитайте текст и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3-й абзацытекста.
V. Прочитайте текст еще раз. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер правильного ответа на поставленный вопрос.
What is the legislative body of Russia?
1. The government.
2. The State Duma.
3. The Parliament.
RUSSIA
1. The Russian Federation is one of the largest countries in the world. Its is more than 17 million square km, the population is about 146 million people with more than 100 nationalities. There are 49 regions and about 1000 towns in Russia now. The capital of Russia is Moscow. It is a political, industrial and cultural center of the state. The Russia’s climate is continental.
2. Russia is a highly industrialized country. The main industries are oil, gas, atomic, chemical, electronic, textile, construction, food and consumer goods ones. Russia is rich in natural resources and fossil fuels such as gas and oil.
3. Russia is the Federation of sovereign units. The legislative body is the Parliament which consists of two chambers: the upper one - the Council of Federation, and the lower one - the State Duma. The executive branch of power is represented by the Government headed by the Prime Minister. The judicial power is exercised by the Supreme Court the Constitutional Court of Russia. The President is the head of state. Russia has a three-coloured flag- red, white and blue, and a state anthem. The official language is Russian. There are currently more than 80 political parties, big and small.
4. Russia develops friendly relations and commercial ties, economic cooperation and trade with many countries of the world. It exports industrial and consumer goods, agricultural products and other commodities from various countries of the world.
ВАРИАНТ 2
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций (см. образец выполнения 1).
a)
1. When he was in London Boris went sightseeing almost every day.
2. The majority of people spend their holiday at the seaside.
3. Some members of the government have decided to retire.
6)
I. The network must be checked for viruses weekly.
2. This place is visited by many tourists.
3. Economic development of the country will be favoured by good legislation.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle 2, и установите функции каждого из них, т.е укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский я зык.(см. образец выполнения 2)
1. When visiting the conference don’t forget to register yourself.
2. It should be noted that the English respect their traditions.
3 Done well the work will be presented for consideration.
4 The delegation is leaving the hall now.
Ш. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол и его эквивалент.Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. If you are in England you should visit the National Gallery.
2. Laws must be executed without fail.
3. Living with them he has to follow their rules.
4. Tourists are to arrive on Monday.
5. You can book airplane tickets in advance.
IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст, затем перепишите и письменно переведите I, 2, и 3-й абзацы.
V. Задание по тексту. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
Is the United Kingdom a small country?
1. The U K is one of the largest countries of the world.
2. The UK is not a small country.
3. The UK is one of the world’s smallest countries.
THE GREAT BRITAIN
1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) occupies the territory of the British Isles. It consists of four main countries which are: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
2. The UK is an island state; it is composed of some 5,500 islands, large and small. The two main islands are: Great Britain to the east and Ireland to the west. They are separated by the Irish Sea.
3. The United Kingdom is one of the world's smallest countries (it is twice as small as France or Spain), with an area of some 244,100 square kilometres. The population of the UK is over 57 million people. English is the official language. Britain is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch - Queen Elizabeth II as head of the state. Today the Queen is not only a head of the state, but also an important symbol of national unity.
4. Parliament, Britain's legislature comprises the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the Queen, in her constitutional role. The centre of parliamentary power is the House of Commons. The political party system is an essential element in the working of the constitution. There are three main political parties: the Conservative Party, the Labour party and the Liberal Democrat Party. The Government is formed by the party with majority support in the Commons. The Queen appoints its leader as Prime Minister. Britain's democratic system of government is long established and has provided considerable political stability.
5 Britain became the world's first industrialized country in the late eighteenth centuries. Wealth was based on the manufacture of iron and steel, heavy machinery and textiles, and coalmining, shipbuilding and trade. Britain is the fifth largest trading nation in the world. Britain is an active member of the European Community.
ВАРИАНТ 3
I. Перепишите предложения. в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе 6) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций (см. образец выполнения 1)
a)
1. The region around the Great Lakes has changeable weather.
2. The US Сongress consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
3. The country had developed this industry before the war began.
b)
1. The capital of the country, Washington, was named in honour of the first President,
George Washington.
2. The USA is washed by the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans.
3. The forecast says it will rain tomorrow.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Рarticiple 1 и Рarticiple II, и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 2)
1. When travelling round the USA we can visit the largest and the most beautiful cities: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago and others.
2. The Cordillera and the Rocky Mountains are well known mountains of the North American continent.
3..A lot of buildings were damaged by the fire.
4. Having lived in New York for many years he knew the city well.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The task can be done within 3 days..
2. We shall be able to give you an answer in a few days.
3. You must translate this article without a dictionary.
4. I have to go there immediately.
5. He is to go on business trip in May.
IV. Прочитайте текст, перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы..
V. Задание по тексту. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
Is the United Kingdom a small country?
1. The U K is one of the largest countries of the world.
2. The UK is not a small country.
3. The UK is one of the world’s smallest countries.
THE USA
1. The USA is one of the largest countries in the world. It is situated in the central part of the North American continent. The area of the USA is over nine million square kilometres. It is washed by the Pacific Ocean and by the Atlantic Ocean. The population of the United States is nearly 250 million people. The official language of the country is English. The capital of the country, Washington, was named in honour of the first President, George Washington.
2. If we look at the map of the USA we can see lowlands and mountains. The Cordillera and the Rocky mountains are well known mountains of the North American continent. America’s largest rivers are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Rio Grande and the Columbia. As the USA is the large country, the climate is different in different regions. The Pacific coast is a region of mild winters and warm, dry summers. The region around the Great Lakes has changeable weather.
3. The USA is a highly developed industrial country. Among the most important manufacturing industries are: armament, aircraft, cars, textiles, radio and television sets, and furniture. When travelling round the USA we can visit the largest and the most beautiful cities: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and others.
4. The USA is a federal republic, consisting of fifty states. Each of these states has its own government. The seat of the central government is Washington, District of Columbia. According to the US constitution the powers of the government are divided into three branches: the executive, the legislative and the judicial. The Congress consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The President is the head of the State and the government. He is elected for four years. There are two main political parties in the USA: the Republican and the Democratic.
Пояснения к тексту:
manufacturing – промышленный
executive power– исполнительная власть
legislative power– законодательная власть
judicial power – судебная власть
the powers – полномочия
Washington D.C. – г. Вашингтон, округ Колумбия
V. Прочитайте первый абзац текста и вопрос к нему; из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащий правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:
Where is the USA situated?
1. The USA is situated in the western part of the North American continent.
2. The USA is situated in the central part of the North American continent.
3. The USA is situated in the southern part of the North American continent.
ВАРИАНТ 4
I. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол- сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций (см. образец выполнения 1).
a)
I. He has been in London many times.
2. When you telephoned, I was having dinner.
3 The professor had left by the time we arrived.
6)
1. The goods will be delivered in the morning.
2. We are asked to come early.
3. He was given a very good piece of advice.
II. Перепишите следующие упражнения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 2).
1. Having much time we decided to walk to the station.
2. Dried and sorted the goods were delivered to the shop.
3. The books published for children are well illustrated.
4. This is a reliable company, always delivering loads in time..
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. He can't play tennis very well now, but he could play tennis well when he was younger.
2.I am not sure but Tom may come to see us tomorrow.
3. You must have a passport to visit most foreign countries.
4. I can't meet you on Friday, I have to work.
5. In spring one should take more vitamins..
IV. Прочитайте и письменно переведите 1,3 и 4-й абзацы текста.
V. Прочитайте 2-ой абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:
What is tightly controlled by the government?
1. The economic strategy is tightly controlled by the government.
2. The working of the market is tightly controlled by the government.
3. Public spending and borrowing arc tightly controlled by the government.
BRITAIN'S ECONOMY
1. Britain's economy is based primarily on private enterprise, which accounts for 75 per cent of output and nearly 70 per cent of employment. Just over 2 per cent of the British workforce is engaged in agriculture, a lower proportion than in any other leading industrialized country. Services contribute a growing proportion of production, 65 per cent, while manufacturing accounts for 21 per cent.
2. The Government's economic strategy is centered on keeping the rate of inflation down, within a range of 1 to 4 per cent. As part of this strategy, public spending and borrowing are tightly controlled. At the same time government policy seeks to improve the working of markets and promote enterprise and efficiency.
3. In some sectors of the economy, a small number of large companies are responsible for a sizable percentage of total production, notably in the vehicle, aerospace and transport equipment industries. Private business concerns account for the greater part of activity in agriculture, manufacturing, constructions, distribution, and financial and miscellaneous service sectors. Banks are the chief source of external finance.
4. Around 250 British industrial companies each have an annual turnover of more than 500 million. British Petroleum is the eleventh largest industrial grouping in the world and the second largest in Europe. Five British firms are among the 25 leading European Community companies.
The average manufacturing company is fairly small. Four-fifths employ fewer than 20 people. These make up 10 per cent of the manufacturing workforce. Business employing
more than 1,000 people, 0.4 per cent of all business, account for 55 per cent of employees.
Пояснения к тексту:
keeping the rate of inflation down - сохранение низкого уровня инфляции
sizable percentage - значительный процент
ВАРИАНТ 5
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе 6) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций (см. образец выполнения I).
a)
I. Last year the economy of the country was immensely successful.
2. The United States produced about 25 per cent of the world's output.
3. Other nations have experienced higher rates of growth in recent years.
6)
1 In this article the country s economy was described as a mixed economy.
2. The majority of productive resources were privately owned.
3. Americans have often been described as pragmatists.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них.т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 2).
1. Successfully transformed the economy will develop rapidly.
2. Having discussed the problem they went back to work again.
3. The expansion of the government's role was written about in the article.
4. The economy based on free enterprise is characterized by private ownership and initiative.
5.Can you see the woman speaking to out CEO? She’s our new PA.
Ш.Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите.
1. The form must be filled in block letters.
2. Technoparks can provide vast opportunities for young entrepreneurs.
3. Government intervention may be necessary from time to time.
4. You will have to be at the airport at three o'clock.
5. The lecture on economics is to begin at 9 a.m..
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 абзацы текста.
THE US ECONOMY
1. The American economy is a dynamic, free-market system that is constantly evolving out the choices and decisions made by millions of citizens who play multiple, often overleaping roles as consumers, producers, investors and voters. The United States is generally described as a mixed economy. It means that even though the great majority of productive resources are privately owned, the federal government does play an important part in the marketplace.
2. By any standard, the American economy that has evolved over less than 250 years has been immensely successful. With less than 5 percent of the world's population, the United States in the early 1990s produced about 25 per cent of the world's output. The US economy is more than twice as large as the largest economy, that of Japan. By conventional measures, US productivity and standard of living remain among the highest in the industrial word - although other nations have experienced higher rates in recent decades.
3. The American have often been described as pragmatists. Clear evidence of the American people's pragmatism is demonstrated by their actions: to establish and maintain an economy soundly based on the principles of free enterprise. At the same time, American government helps to create the widest possible opportunities for people, economic growth and progress.
Пояснения к тексту:
to evolve – развиваться
conventional measures - общепринятые мерки
V.Прочитайте 3-й абзац еще раз. Какое утверждение лучше всего соответствует содержанию данного абзаца?
1. The American people's pragmatism is demonstrated by their actions to establish and maintain an economy, based on the principles of planned economy.
2. The American people's pragmatism is demonstrated by their actions to establish and maintain an economy, based on the principles of free enterprise.
3. The American people's pragmatism is demonstrated by their actions to establish and maintain an economy, based on the principles of state controlled market economy.
Контрольное задание № 3
Чтобы правильно выполнить задание N 3. необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:
1. Грамматические функции и значения слов that, one it.
2. Пассивный залог (The Passive Voice) видо-временных форм Simple, Continuous, Perfect.
3. Функции глаголов to be, to have, to do.
4. Простые неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив в функции
а) подлежащего, 6) составной части сказуемого, в) определения, г) обстоятельства цели.
5. Бессоюзное подчинение в определительных и дополнительных придаточных предложениях.
Используйте образцы выполнения упражнений.
Образец выполнения 1 (к упр. 1)
Present Perfect Passive
The main question has already been discussed.
Главный вопрос уже обсудили.
Present Simple Passive
His scientific work is much spoken about.
О его научной работе много говорят.
Образец выполнения 2 (к упр. II)
It is interesting to study economics.
Интересно изучать экономику.
One should agree to sign this contract.
Следует подписать этот контракт.
He knows that banking is very important for business.
Он знает, что банковское дело очень важно для бизнеса.
Образец выполнения 3 (к упр. IV)
What is the name of the book you are reading?
Как называется книга, которую ты читаешь?
This is the subject we know nothing about.
Это предмет, о котором мы ничего не знаем.
ВАРИАНТ I
1. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них вило-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 1).
1. The mail has been brought.
2. The room was being cleaned when I arrived.
3. This work will have been done by Friday.
4. Service was included in the bill.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения one, it, that (см. образец выполнения 2).
1. One must always keep one’s word.
2. It is strange that he hasn’t come yet.
3. The devise won’t sell well unless it is upgraded.
4. I am afraid that they will be late.
III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do
1. We were to meet at five.
2. I am afraid I have to go.
3. He doesn’t feel well today.
4. I have got a new car.
5. I do know this subject.
6. He is very kind.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение (см. Образец выполнения 3)
1. I know he has returned.
2. He has found the book he was looking for.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.
1. Will you help me to make out the manual?
2. To drive a car in a big city is very difficult.
3. I don't know him well enough to ask him for help.
4. She was sorry to leave so early.
YI. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,2 и 3-й абзацы текста.
VII. Прочитайте 4-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
What economies can you find in most countries?
1. You can find free economies in most countries.
2. You can find controlled economies in most countries.
3. You can find mixed economies in most countries.
ECONOMICS
1. Economics was defined by Alfred Marshall, one of the great Victorian economists, as "the study of mankind in the everyday business of life". There are other definitions of economics, but Marshall's definition draws attention to the unique feature of human society: that unlike other animals, man provides for his everyday needs by means of a complex pattern of production, distribution and exchange.
2. This everyday business of providing the means of livelihood is called by the general term 'economy'. Economics is the study of economies, and in particular of modern economies such as those of Western Europe and the USA. It is interesting to study primitive economies, but it is the advanced economies that interest us most.
3 How do we produce all the things that we need? How do we distribute the products among the various groups in the society? What institutions have we developed to promote economic activity, and how does each institution play its part in the intricate relationships of everyday life?
4. The economic systems fall into three categories, they are traditional economies, controlled economics and free economies. In fact most countries must be, to some extent, mixed economies. It is impossible for bureaucracy to supervise every aspect of production in the countries of controlled economies while the monopolistic exploitation of the mass of any people in a truly 'free enterprise' system is totally unacceptable in the modern world.
ВАРИАНТ 2
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола- сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Almost everything in the modern world is done with the help of computers.
2. Originally computers were used only for doing calculations.
3. Computers are being used more and more extensively in the world now.
4. A new kind of processor has been launched into the market recently.
II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
1. It is wholesale vendors who take part in wholesale fairs and sign contracts with consumers and suppliers.
2. -Which coat is yours? -The grey one.
3. It is essential to support small businesses.
4. Unless the company pays more attention to the research and development, it won’t be competitive.
III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов to be, to do, to have.
1. We’ll have to review the prices.
2. She is to come to the office at nine.
3..We did include this issue in the agenda.
4..We do business with a few European countries.
5..Our interpreters usually do their translations carefully.
6. They have got a lot of customers overseas
IV.Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение
.1 This is a new company we don't know much about.
2 The technological projects the we are using currently were developed last year
V Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.
1. The task of small busunesses is to create retail and catering outlets.
2. To market consumer goods and provide all kinds of paid services small businesses should have a wide sales network.
3. It is necessary for a newly established company to carefully work out its own advertising and marketing policy.
4. This is the issue to be discussed as soon as possible.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1 по 4 абзацы текста Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,2, 3-й абзацы текста
VII.. Прочитайте текста еще раз. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
What does the computer do in commerce?
1. Control manufacturing processes.
2. Compose music.
3. Record and process inventories, bills, payrolls.
COMPUTERS
1. Originally computers were used only for doing calculations. When Ch.Babbage, a professor of mathematics at Cambridge University, invented the first calculating machine in 1812 he could hardly have imagined the situation we find ourselves in today.
2. Almost everything in modern world is done with the help of computers. Computers are being used more and more extensively in the world now, for the simple reason that they are more efficient that human beings. They have much better memories and can store great amount of information and they can do calculations in a fraction of the time required by a human mathematician. No man alive can do 500000 sums in one second, but a modern computer can.
3. In fact, a computer can do many things we do, but faster and better. They can control machines at factories, work out tomorrow’s weather and even play chess, write poetry or compose music. In science computers digest and analyze masses of measurements such as the sequential positions and velocities of a spacecraft and solve extraordinary long and complex mathematical problems, such as the trajectory of the spacecraft.
4. In commerce they record and process inventories, purchases, bills, payrolls, bank deposit and the like and keep track of ongoing business transactions. In industry they monitor and control manufacturing processes. In government they keep statistics and analyze economic information. Computers are also a great help to scholars in history, literature and so on.
ВАРИАНТ 3
I Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола- сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см.образец выполнения 1)
1. A new ring-road is being built around the city.
2 The room had been cleaned before we a
