ENGLISH FOR BUILDERS
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ENGLISH FOR BUILDERS / / . .. : 2015. 136 .
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1. ( , : night[naɪt] daughter['dɔ:tə] stomach['stʌmək]). , , .
2. . , :
content
['kɔntent] ,
[kən'tent] ,
compact
[kəm'pækt] ;
['kɔmpækt] ; ( )
3. , ( ), , .
4. , , , . , .
5. . , , : .
: game, like, stone - , .
: pen, cat, bus - .
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| Vowels | |||||
| Phonetic Symbol | Rules and examples | ||||
| : e + e (): meet [ mi:t ], deep [di:p ]; e : tree [ tri: ], Steve [ sti:v ]; e + a: meat [ mi:t ], beam [ bi:m ] : (ea) [ e ] | () | |||
| i : hit [ hit ], kill [ kil ] y : gym [ d3im ], cylinder [ ´silində ] : [ ai ] | ||||
| a : flag [ flæg ], married [ ´mærid ] | ||||
| : a + r: dark [ da:k ], farm [ fa:m ] (. ) a : last [ la:st ], father [ fa:ðə ] - , .. a [ æ ] cat [ kæt ]; + alm : palm [ pa:m ], calm [ ka:m ] : a + r [ o: ] warm [ wo:m ]; : salmon [ sæmən ] | () | |||
| : o + r: corn [ ko:n ], fortress [ ´fo:trəs ], more [ mo: ] a + u: fauna [ ´fo:nə ], taunt [ to:nt ]; , , aunt ( w) + a + w: dawn [ do:n ], hawk [ ho:k ]. a + ll: tall [ to:l ], small [ smo:l ] a + ld (lk) : bald [ bo:ld ], talk [ to:k ] , ou + r, : pour [ po: ], mourn [mo:n ]. | () | |||
| put, foot, could, butcher, woman | ||||
| , . . , . . : o+o: foot [ fut ], boot [ bu:t ], took [ tuk ], moon [ mu:n ] pu : put [ put ], push [ pu∫] ( p) - (. ) ou + : could [ ku:d ], wound [ wu:nd ] ( ). r + u+ + : prune [ pru:n ], rumour [ ru:mə ] : u [ Λ ]: cut [ kΛt ], plus [ plΛs ], punch [ pΛnt∫] | () | |||
| u : dust [ dΛst ], Sunday [ ´sΛndei ]. : ouble: double [ dΛbl ], trouble [ trΛbl ] ove: glove [ glΛv ], dove [ dΛv ] : : move [ mu:v ], flood [ flΛd ], blood [ blΛd ] | ||||
| : i /e /u + r ( ): skirt [ skε:t ], person [ pε:sən ] turn [ tε:n ], burst [ bε:st ] - (. ) ea + r: pearl [ pε:l ], learn [ lε:n ] : o + r w : word [ wε:d ], work [ wε:k ] | . ( ) | |||
| \ : famous [ feiməs ], computer [ kəmpju:tə ] | ||||
| e : get [ get ], vet [ vet ] ea: dead [ ded ], pleasure [ ´ple3ə ] : [ i: ] | ||||
| o : pot [ pot ], lottery [ ´lotəri ], a w: wasp [ wosp ], swan [ swon ] | ||||
| Consonants - | |||||
| Phonetic Symbol | Examples - | ||||
| lamp, puppy, plate, pupil, pen | ||||
| board, club, big, back, bad, bus | ||||
| city, letter, ten, table, two, toast, tree | ||||
| hand, date, do, word, idea, dish | ||||
| week, speak, kid, cry, quarter | ||||
| go, game, dog, grape, gold, goose | ||||
| : ch: chair [ t∫eə ], child [ t∫aild ] t + ure: creature [ ´kri:t∫ə ], future [ ´fju:t∫ə ] | ||||
| gin, page, job, joke, jungle | ||||
| life, knife, phone, photo | ||||
| five, very, vase, visit, violet | ||||
| th. , ( ), [ ð ]: without [ wi´ðaut ] , , [ θ ]: thanks [ θænks ], faith [ feiθ ] | () () | |||
| glass, test, ice, city, son, seven | ||||
| zoo, size, rose, news, rose | ||||
| , ( ): tion [∫ən ]: celebration [ ´seli´brei∫n ], tuition [ tju:´i∫n ] cious [∫əs ]: delicious [ di´li∫əs ], vicious [ ´vi∫əs ] cian [∫ən ]: musician [ mju:´zi∫ən ], politician [ poli´ti∫ən ] , , sh: sheep [ ∫i:p ], shoot [ ∫u:t ] | ||||
| usually, pleasure, beige | ||||
| home, help, hat, here, happy, ham, hot | ||||
| come, mummy, map, mouse, milk, swim | ||||
| pen, no, name, night, neck, nut | ||||
| + ng: sing [ siŋ ], hungry [ ´hΛŋgri ], wrong [ wroŋ ], hang [ hæŋ ] | - | |||
| ball, table, lamp, look, live, old, last | ||||
| read, rain, ride, rest, rock, rabbit | ||||
| , , super [ ´s u: p ə]: u : mute [ mju:t ], huge [ hju:d3 ] ew: few [ fju: ], lewd [ lju:d ] y + : yard [ ja:d ], young [ ja:ŋ ] | ||||
| week, well, twelve, what, where, why, wall, want | / | |||
| Diphthongs - () - , . "" , . , , . , . | |||||
| Phonetic Symbol | Rules and examples | ||||
| : a : game [ geim], pale [ peil ] ai : pain [ pein ], rail [ reil ] ay ( ): pray [ prei ], hay [ hei ] ey (, ) : grey [ grei ], survey [ ´sε:vei ] : [ i: ]: key [ ki: ] | ||||
| : i : fine [ fain ], price [ prais ] ie : pie [ pai ], die [ dai ] y : rhyme [ raim ], syce [ sais ] : my [ mai], cry [ krai ] ye : dye [ dai ], rye [ rai ] | ||||
| : oi ( ) - poison [ ´poizən ], noise [ noiz ] oy ( ) - boy [ boi ], alloy [ ´æloi ] | ||||
| : ea + r: hear [ hiə ], near [ niə ] - (. ) e + r + e: here [ hiə ], sere [ siə ] ee + r: deer [ diə ], peer [ piə ] : , [ ε: ] - dearth [ dε:θ ]. - beard [ biəd ] : i + r + e: fire [ faiə ], hire [ haiə ] y + r + e: tyre [ taiə ], pyre [ paiə ] | ||||
| : a + r + e: dare [ deə ], flare [ fleə ] ai + r: hair [ heə ], fair [ feə ] | ||||
| tour [ tuə], poor [ puə] | ||||
| : o + w: how [ hau ], down [ daun ] - (. ) o + u: round [ raund ], pout [ paut ] : [ əu ] | ||||
| o : stone [ stəun ], lonely [ ´l əunli ] o + w ( ): blow [ bləu ], crow [ krəu ] - (. ) ou: soul [ səul ], foul [ fəul ] oa+ : coach [ kəut∫ ], toad [ təud ] old ( ): cold [ kəuld ], gold [ gəuld ]. : -: both [ bəuθ ]; [ au ] | ||||
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| MODULE 1 | ME AND MY WORLD |
