To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or Doesn't with all verbs EXCEPT To Be and Modal verbs (can, might, should etc.).
- Affirmative: You speak French.
Negative: You don't speak French.
You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb. We use Don't when the subject is I, you, we or they.
- Affirmative: He speaks German.
Negative: He doesn't speak German.
When the subject is he, she or it, we add doesn't between the subject and the verb to make a negative sentence. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the negative sentence. We will see the reason why below.
Negative Contractions
Don't = Do not
Doesn't = Does not
I don't like meat = I do not like meat.
There is no difference in meaning though we normally use contractions in spoken English.
Word Order of Negative Sentences
The following is the word order to construct a basic negative sentence in English in the Present Tense using Don't or Doesn't.
| Subject | don't/doesn't | Verb* | The Rest of the sentence |
| I / you / we / they | don't | have / buy eat / like etc. | cereal for breakfast |
| he / she / it | doesn't |
* Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.
Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.
Examples of Negative Sentences with Don't and Doesn't:
- You don't speak Arabic.
- John doesn't speak Italian.
- We don't have time for a rest.
- It doesn't move.
- They don't want to go to the party.
- She doesn't like fish.
Excersises.
A) Choose the correct ending (-s or -es).
1. go to school by bus. 2. She like milk. 3. My father watch TV in the evening. 4. I play tennis on Sundays. 5. My brother play football quite well. 6. My sister sing very well. 7. She wash her face and hands in the morning and in the evening. 8. I usually drink tea for breakfast. 9. Jane do her English exercises after school. 10. Peter drive a car.
B) Choose the correct verb.
1. She (swim/swims) very well. 2. Luc (live/lives) in London. 3. Jack (came/comes) from the USA. 4. Betty (dance/dances) a little. 5. He (have/has) three brothers. 6. My granny (speak/speaks) French. 7. My cat (sleep/sleeps) on a mat. 8. I often (see/sees) Jane. 9. Ted (like/likes) music. 10. Chris (cook/cooks) cakes quite well.
C) Put the verb in the correct form.
1) They _____ football at the institute. (to play)
2) She _____ emails. (not / to write)
3) ____ you____ English? (to speak)
4) My mother ____ fish. (not / to like)
5) ____ Ann ____ any friends? (to have)
6) His brother _____ in an office. (to work)
7) She ___ very fast. (cannot / to read)
8) ____ they ____ the flowers every 3 days? (to water)
9) His wife _____ a motorbike. (not / to ride)
10) ____ Elizabeth_____ coffee? (to drink)
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D) Complete the poem.
m, end, go, have, is, is, start, starts, starts, watch
My lessons (1) _______ at ten to eight,
But, poor me! I (2) _______ always late.
English (3) _______ at ten to nine,
Thats when my eyes begin to shine.
Russian (4) _______ at half past ten,
But I havent got my pen.
Its not on my desk, or under my chair.
Oh, here it (5) _______, in Silvias hair.
My lessons (6) _______ at five past two,
But I havent got my shoe.
Oh, here it (7) _______, behind the door.
Im late again, its half past four.
At five oclock I (8) _______ my tea,
At ten to six I (9) _______ TV.
I (10) _______ to bed at ten to eight.
To have a rest is always great!
Imperative sentences.
An imperative sentence issues a request, gives a command, or expresses a desire or wish. They differ from sentences that make a statement (declarative sentences), express strong feeling (exclamatory sentences), or ask a question (interrogative sentence).
Typically, imperative sentences are short and simple, but they can be long, compound or complex sentences as well. Some of the simplest sentences in the English language are actually imperative sentences consisting of a single verb. Like this
- Stop!
- Go.
- Hurry!
Depending on the strength of emotion you want to convey, either a period or exclamation mark punctuates imperative sentences.
Examples Of Imperative sentences:
- Pour me a glass of water.
- Leave the package at the door.
- Take me to the library.
- Walk through this door and turn left at the next hallway.
- Come over here, look at this specimen, and tell me what you think.
- Put that down now!
- Tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.
Though it may be considered more polite to use the word please in imperative sentences, its not necessary. Without the word attached the sentence is still grammatically correct.
Exerrcises
a) Translate into English:
, . . . . . . , . . . , .
b) Put the words in brackets into the gaps:
1. upstairs. (to go)
2. in this lake. (not/to swim)
3. your homework. (to do)
4. football in the yard. (not/to play)
5. your teeth. (to brush)
6. during the lesson. (not/to talk)
7. the animals in the zoo. (not/to feed)
8. the instructions. (to read)
9. late for school. (not/to be)
10. your mobiles. (to switch off)
Listening
1.
Employee: Hello. Can I take your order? Customer: Yes. I'd like a large pepperoni pizza with mushrooms and green peppers. Employee: Would you like anything else? Customer: Well, wait. Uh, can I make that a half-and-half pizza? Employee: Sure. What would you like on each half? Customer: Uh, what toppings do you have? Employee: Well, we have Italian sausage, ham, mushrooms, onions, pineapple, black olives, green peppers, bacon, tomatoes, shrimp, clams, and squid. Customer: Shrimp, clams, and squid!? What kind of pizza is that? Employee: Uh, the manager spent some time overseas [ Oh. ], and thinks his new seafood pizza will be a hit with customers, but to be honest, the "Swimmer's Special," as he calls it, is an acquired taste.
Customer: Uh, I'll pass on the "Sink or Swim" special, but I'll have pepperoni and mushrooms on one half and green peppers and Italian sausage on the other. Oh, and could I get extra cheese on that pizza? Employee: Alright. Would you care for any bread sticks or beverage with your order? [ Well... I don't know. ] Actually, we have a Friday night special going on right now [ Oh! ], and if you order any large pizza and drink, we'll throw in a free order of bread sticks, plus a three dollar coupon for use with your next pizza order. Customer: Huh, sure, why not. And what drink comes with the pizza? Employee: Either apple or orange juice. Customer: I'll take orange juice. Employee: Okay. Your total comes to fifteen nineteen, which includes tax. [ Okay. ] And could I have your name? Customer: Uh, yeah, Jay Han. Employee: Huh? Did you say "Jay Hand"? Customer: No, it's "Han." Actually, it's a Korean name, but many people have difficulty making it out. Hey, maybe I SHOULD change my name to "Hand." Employee: Ah, names are important; don't change it. [ Okay. ] Oh, and your address and telephone number? Customer: It's 1340 South 16 East, and the phone number is 340-1870 (three-four-zero-eighteen, seventy). Employee: Okay. Let me repeat your order. A large half-and-half pizza. [ Okay. ] One half with pepperoni [ Yeah. ] and mushrooms and the other with Italian sausage and green peppers. [ Yeah. ] Orange juice and your free order of bread sticks. Jan "Han," not "Hand," [ Yeah, that's right. ] at 1340 South 16 East, 340-1817. Is that correct? Customer: Everything except for the phone number. It's 18 70, not 18 17. Employee: Alright. Thanks for your order. It should arrive at your doorstep in 30 minutes or less, or you'll receive a free small pizza with your next order. Customer: Great. Thanks.
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- pepperoni (noun): a pork and beef sausage, sliced thinly for pizza
- My students ordered a pepperoni pizza for lunch. - be a hit (verb): be popular
- Ordering pizza for the party was a hit. - care for (verb): have a preference or liking for something
- Would you care for anything else today? - acquired taste (expression): a taste that takes time to get used to
- Some people say that learning to like sushi is an acquired taste. - beverage (noun): drink
- What kinds of beverages do you want to serve at the party? - throw in (verb): add
- That pizza shop always throws in a free drink with every order. - coupon (noun): a certificate used to receive money off on purchases
- Let's use the pizza coupon that came in the mail. - make something out (idiom): understand or figure out
- I couldn't make out what the customer ordered because of the poor telephone connection.
Post Listening exercises
a) Are there any toppings or pizza styles unique to your country (e.g., seafood pizza with clams and squid which you can find in Japan)? Is there a charge for pizza delivery and is giving a tip customary in your country? Have you ever made your own pizza? If so, what do you put on your pizza?
b)
1. Which topping is NOT mentioned as one available from this pizza shop?
A. bacon
B. mushrooms
C. Italian chicken
2. What pizza does the man finally order?
A. pepperoni and green peppers on one half and Italian sausage and black olives on the other
B. pepperoni and Italian sausage on one half and green peppers and bacon on the other
C. pepperoni and mushrooms on one half and green peppers and Italian sausage on the other
3. What else does the man order with his pizza?
A. a salad and orange juice
B. bread sticks and a beverage
C. a drink and chicken sticks
4. What was the total of his order?
A. $15.19
B. $15.90
C. $15.99
5. What is the man's telephone number and address?
A. 3040 South 60 East at 340-1870
B. 1314 South 16 East at 340-1870
C. 1340 South 16 East at 340-1870
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Exercises
a) Choose the correct variant.
1.The family consists of
two members
four members
eight members
2.It would be bad for her brother
to eat before jogging
to watch video films
to do nothing
3.The boy needs a cup of to wake him up.
tea
coffee
coca-cola
4.His breakfast consists of
a plate of vegetable soup
fried potatoes and meat
a bowl of cereal with milk and sugar
5.Father eats
a plate of vegetable salad
a piece of cake and a cup of coffee
the same as his son does
6.Mothers breakfast consists of
a bar of chocolate
a plate of mashed potatoes and fish
yoghurt and a grapefruit
7.The author of the story appreciates
vegetables
some sandwiches
a cup of tea
8.The members of the family have their lunch
at home
at the café
some of them have it at work and some of them have it at home
Their evening meal includes
just dairy products
meat and vegetable salad
porridge
The family eats their supper
at a restaurant
at a milk bar
together at home
Writing
Look at the picture.
2. Write a list of healthy products.
2. Write a composition: My healthy diet. My everyday meals.
Reading
Coffee
Pre-reading task: give the definition to the words: milk, latte, coffee.
If you are like a lot of other North Americans, you like to start your day with a cup of coffee. Coffee contains a substance called caffeine. In humans caffeine is a stimulant. It makes you feel more awake and alert. Many people start their day with a cup of coffee because of the stimulant effects. In fact, about 90% of North Americans drink coffee.
Coffee is the third most popular drink in the world. Only tea and water are more popular than coffee. Coffee beans are actually the seeds of coffee cherries that grow on coffee plants. The beans are green when they are picked. Most of the coffee that is sold in coffee shops and grocery stores is brown. It is brown because the beans have been roasted at high temperatures. The roasting gives the beans their different flavours. Some coffees are darker and stronger tasting than other coffees. You can buy green coffee beans from some stores if you want to roast your own beans.
In North America, a latte is coffee that has steamed milk added to it. A cafe mocha is coffee with steamed milk and some chocolate added to it. Sometimes whipped cream is put on the top of cafe mocha. Coffees with different flavors added to them are very popular.
Comprehension Check:
Did you understand the story? Are these sentences true?
1. Coffee beans are green before they are roasted. Yes or no?
2. Many North Americans have coffee in the morning. Yes or no?
3. Not very many North Americans drink coffee. Yes or no?
4. In North America, a latte has chocolate in it. Yes or no?
Fill in the Blanks:
5. Coffee beans turn _______________ when they are roasted.
6. Roasting coffee beans needs high _______________________.
7. A cafe mocha is coffee with ___________________ milk and _______________________ added to it.
8. Both tea and _______________ are more popular drinks than coffee.
9. The caffeine in coffee is a ______________________. It makes you feel more awake.
Speaking.
Say what foods () you can see and you like it or not. Explain why.
Example.
I dont like lemons because they taste sour. , .
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I love strawberry because it smells fragrant. ,
Finish the sentences:
In the morning I usually have
I usually have lunch at
For dinner.
For supper
My mom makes tasty
I love
I dont eat
We buy
My favourite fruits are
I also love all kinds of dairy products like milk, yoghurt, kefir, cottage cheese and cheese..
While eating I usually drink juice or tea.
I think fast food (like McDonalds) is
Ready-made food like pelmeni, hamburgers and so on is
Task for self-study.
