, , , () . , .
( ) .
:
.
.
, ( ) ( ).
, ( ), . .= ..
( )
:
( .+ .),
r .
,
a , -1, r 0, t , .
, 1 2:
× d =(j1 - j2).
() e12 , 1 2:
.× d .
U12 , , 1 2 :
. + .)× d = .
R12 1 2
,
S dl.
r = const S = const,
,
l 12 1 2.
( )
:
.
,
e , ; R ( ) ; r .
. ( )
|
|
dQ, dt, I, R :
dQ = I2Rdt = (IU)dt = (U 2/ R)dt,
U = IR .
, ( t1 t2):
,
I = const, Q = I 2R (t2 - t1).
( ) :
.
1.14. ୭
( ) , , :
,
n , , I k k- (. 1.8).
, ( I1, I3), , ( I2, I4, I5), .
( ) , , :
.
( ). , . , , .
1. , t1 =3×10-7 /, l =20 , t2 =2×10-7 /, r0 = 10 . .
, F :
. (1)
, , l. dr,
dq = t2dr (2)
dF , dq. dq.
. (3)
(1) , , :
dF = Edq. (4)
(2) (3) (4),
. (5)
, q2 , (5) r0 (r0+l):
. (6)
.
2. . r =100 /3. R1 =5 , R2 =10 . : ) r1 =3 ; ) r2 =6 ; ) r3 =12 .
, . . , r. , r . , n= E r. , .
|
|
,
S , r .
3 :
1) 0 < r < R1 2) R1 < r < R2 3) r > R2. .
0 < r < R1.
, , . , , , :
D1 = 0, 1 = D/e0 = 0.
R1 < r < R2.
, , , r2:
q = (r23-R13)r.
,
D24pr22 = ,
E2 = = ,
e .
/.
r > R2.
,
q = (4/3)p(R23 - R13),
, ,
D3 4pr32 = (4/3) p (R23 - R13)r;
3 = D 3/e0 = ;
/.
3. . t =133 /. , q =6,7 ?
, 1 2, = q(j1 - j2), j1 j2 , . j2 =0.
= qj1. (1)
j1 , , . dl. , , : dq = tdl. 1
.
l = pR, :
j1= , . (2)
(2) (1)
= qj1 = .
:
.
4. R Q, h. , e.
. r , :
.
.
, :
D = Q/4pr 2.
,
.
,
, ,
k .
.
, , ,
.
:
P = P n = s ¢.
r=(R+0)
,
, s1¢ q ¢ = 4pR2s1 ¢
|
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.
, . ,
.
5. 1 = 100 2 = 200 U = 300 . , .
, , , , ( ). q = CU,
C 1U 1 = C 2U 2.
,
U 1 + U 2 = U.
,
,
.
,
;
.
W1 = 2×10-6 = 2 , W2 = 1×10-6 = 1 .
6. ( r = 17 ) , e = 4 . r = 0,1 . S = 0,085 2, l = 9,5 . , , .
, :
j = sE,
j ; E ; s , 1/ r.
:
E = j / s = rj. (1)
, j .
, I,
j = I / S. (2)
:
I = e / (R + r), (3)
r ; R - .
R :
R = rl/S. (4)
(1) - (4),
E = rj = rI / S = re / (R + r)S = re / (rl / S + r)S. (5)
(5)
= 0,4 /.
7. , (l 1 = l 2 = 10 ), (d1 = 2d2), 10 . . r = 17 .
( )
w = sE 2 = E2 = rj 2.
, w2, : Q2, , .
Q2 , , , 4 .
.
-, ,
,
Q1 , .
, ,
, (1)
U .
(1) , , ,
. (2)
(2) , , . R2 . ,
|
|
,
,
. (3)
(3) ,
w 2 = 3,76×10 7 /3.
8. - , , t n . r , e.
, dr, :
, (1)
a,b ; e0 ; C
.
(1) , :
. (2)
, , dt :
, (3)
I . - (3) , .
, (4)
U ,
, (5)
q .
(3) (5), , CR:
.
, (6)
q1 ; q2 .
CR (6) (2),
.
1. , s1 =1 /2 s2 =3 /2. : ) ; ) .
: ) 1 = ; ) 2 = .
2. =10 (s =1 /2) . b =30 . yD .
: yD = 0,5 s×2sinb = 2,5 .
3. , 10 , , 12 15 . 2×105 2×106 /. .
: /2 .
4. (e1 =7) d1 =1 (e2 =2) d2 =0,5 . , U =500 .
: 1 = 182 /; 2 =637 /.
5. . W1, , W2, ? e =1 , .
: .
4. 6. , r, E. l, d. , e. .
: I = ; r = .
5. , (l 1 = l 2 = 10 ) , 10 . . r1 = 17 , - r2 = 25 .
: = 0,96×10 7 /3 .
6. , e, . , r, , t.
: .
3
301. r =10 .
t1=t2 =10 /. , =10 .
302. 6,7 13,2 5 . , 3 4 - .
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303. , 0,4 4,9 , , 4,43 50 2. ?
304. l =10 t =0,3 /. , , , .
305. =10 -10 × . =3×103 / a =30. . , , .
306. , =4×10 -12 × r =10 , , j =60 .
307. 10 t =1 /. =20 q =100 . .
308. R =8 t =10 /. , r =10 .
309. q1 =0,1 . , , , . q2 =10 . . , , R =10 .
310. R =10 l =20 . t =10 /. 100 . . .
311. r =10 (e =81) (s =2 /2) . b =30 . .
312. , (t =0,3 /). , r =20 . : =20 , b =40 .
313. R =5 q =1 . (e =2) d =2 . : ) r1 =3 ; ) r2 =6 ; ) r3 =9 .
314. R1 =5 R2 =7 . q1 =-3,2 , - q2 =8,2 . : ) r1 =2 ; ) r2 =6 ; ) r3 =9 .
315. R1 =3 R2 =6 . (e =2). q1 =-1 , - q2 =2 . : ) r1 = 1 ; ) r2 = 5 ; ) r3 = 9 .
316. R =10 q =1 . : ) r1 =8 ; ) ; ) r2 =15 .
317. (e =2,6) d =1 , r =100 /3. , .
318. R1, q =1 , R2 R3. . . , .
319. R =2 (s =1/2). , r1 =1 r2 =3 .
320. d =5 l =4 q =500 /. , 1 .
321. D =0,8 d =0,4 , q =6×10-7 .
322. R =10 t =10 /. , 5 .
323. 2×10 -9 /. , 1 0,5 ?
324. 10 /2. , , d =10 .
325. s =2 /2. , a =60 , 1 2, Dr =20 , q =10 , . ( 1 ).
326. . j1 =100 u1 =0,1 /. j2 , n =2 . q/m =96 /.
327. =10-10 =1500 /. , , j =180.
328. 10 1 . , 20 .
329. t =0,40 /. 1 2, 2 , 1 n =2 .
330. t =0,01 /. 1 2, r1 =2 r2 =4 .
331. , , 0,8 /3. , ? e =1,6.
332.
d =5 . U =500 (e =7). : 1) ; 2) .
333.
d1 =1 , U =200 . (e =3) d2 =8 , .
334. 0,8. 4 . . 5 .
335.
=20 /. , 4 /?
336. (e =6) 200 / 40. : 1) ; 2) .
337. =40 / 109 /2. .
338. S =0,2 2 q =10-9 ( ). d =2 . ( ) (e =6) (e =2,6) , d1 =0,5 d2 =1,5. , .
339. E0 =100 / e =2. . D P.
340. . . . .
341. Q =100 10 . .
342. 100 2 5 . , , 4,19×10-3 ?
343. :
q1 =10 , q2 =20 , q3 =-30 , 10 .
344. , 1 =600 2 =1000 , . U =20 . , , . , .
345. 64 , r =1 q =1 , , . .
346. q =3,0×10-8 e =3. 250 , - 500 . W, .
347. 2 , 3 . , 0,4 . ?
348. 100 2 3×10-2 . (e =6). .
349. 100 2 1 100 . 25 . , .
350. . 2×10-5 . , . , , , 7×10-5 . .
351. , 3 ,
1 , , 4 . .
352. e = 2,0 r =0,5 . I =0,25 . .
353. R1 =10 I1 =3 . R1 R2 =20 , I2 1,6 . .
354. , , 20 , UV =1,37 , R =10 I =0,132 ?
355. , R =8 , , RV =800 , , . , .
356. R1 R2. R1, 6 , R2 - 4 , , 12 . R1 R2. .
357. l =2 , j =106 /2 U =2 .
358. l =120 S =24 2 . t1 =20 C t2 =70 C.
r =17 ; a =0,0043 C-1.
359. , 0,6 . 0,1 2200 C. S =6 2. : 1) ( 0 C r =55 ; a =0,0045 oC-1); 2) ( 20 C).
360. , 3 ( a1 =0,0045 oC-1) 2 ( a2 =0,006 oC-1), .
361. l =0,2 , U =4 ?
362. , (l 1= l 2=10 ), (d1=2d2), . 1 , 10 . . r =17 .
363. , I1 =4 P1 =10 ,
I2 =6 - P2 =12 .
364. , U =50 , N =5103 l =5 . n =1 %. , .
365. 2 ( =4,19×103 /×) 20 , 220 , 20 , 70 %?
366. . , t1 =10 , , t2 =20 . , : ) ; ) ? .
367. P0 =800 , P1 661 . , ? .
368. e =10 r =20 ? ?
369. e =12 . , , Imax =5 . ?
370. N e =1 r =1 , R =10 ? Imax =2 .
371. , 10 I =10 5 ? , .
372. , t =10 , I1 =10 I2 =5 , ?
373. R =120 I =0 Imax =5 t =15 . .
374. R =3 . , t =8 , Q =200 . , . , , .
375. R =15 I =0 t =5 . Q =10 . .
376. . 1 , , 1 . .
377. , . 2. , , , 1 .
378. , , 10 (. 3). , , A B U =10 .
379. , , 10 . , , A C (. 3) U =10 .
380. , , B C (. 3), 1 , U =10 .
3
, , . , , .
, , , , .