. :
t
Si2 () + 2NaH (p) = Na2Si3 () + 2 ()
Δ G (Si2 ()) = 803,75 /; Δ G (Na2Si3 ())= 1427,8 /;
Δ G (NaH(p)) = 419,5 /; Δ G (2 ()) = 237,5 /?
?
. Δ G 298 :
Δ G = Σ G . Σ G .;
Δ G 298 = (1427,8 237,5) (803,75 419,52)= 22,55 ;
Δ G 298 = 22,55 (. . Δ G <0), , . , Si2.
. Δ G 22 ()+2 () 
22().
298, 500, 1000, 1500 . Δ Δ S o . Δ G , .
. Δ G = Δ T Δ S Δ G Δ S. Δ Δ S, Δ G = ƒ(T) , Δ S. Δ S >0 , Δ S <0 .
ΔͰ298 ( .1)
∆ H ºp = Σ∆ H º.(.) Σ∆ H º.(..)
ΔͰ298 = 2ΔͰ.(H2O) (2ΔͰ.(H2) + 2ΔͰ.(O2) = 2ΔͰ.(H2O) =
=2(-241,84) = 483,68 () ( 2 H2O)
ΔͰ.(2) = 0,5(483,8) = 241,89 /.<0
, .
ΔS298 ( .1)
Δ S = Σ S . Σ S .:
ΔS298= 2S298.(H2O) [2S298.(H2) + S 298.(O2)]= 2188,74 (2130.6 + 205) =
98,6(/ ) = 0,0986(/ ) < 0, Δ G = ƒ(T) .
ΔG298 ( .1):
Δ G = Σ G . Σ G .;
ΔG298 = 2ΔG298.(H2O) [2ΔG298(H2) ΔG298(O2)] = 2(228,8) = 457,6 .
ΔG298 , .
ΔG298 = ΔͰ298 298ΔS0298 = 483,68 298(0,0986) = 457,6
ΔG500 = ΔͰ298 500ΔS0298 = 483,68 500(0,0986) = 434,38
ΔG1000 = ΔͰ298 1000ΔS0298 = 483,68 1000(0,0986) = 385,08
ΔG1500 = ΔͰ298 1500ΔS0298 = 483,68 I500(0,0986) = 335,78
ΔG =f():
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ΔG
~4500
:
1. , , .
2. , , .
3. .
1. 66 (), , .
2. CS2, ,
CS2 () + 32 = 2 () + 2S2 () Δ 298 = 1075 /.
3. Δ 298 ,
NH3 () + 1() = NH4CI ()
Δ 298 = 176,93 /.
4. Δ 298 BiCl3(), Δ 298BiCl3() = 270,70 /, Δ BiCl3() 113,39 /.
5. 5 40,25 , 10
36,46 . Δ 298 Na20.
6. 16 2 31,3 . ()2.
7. Δ 298 Fe23,
2Fe + 123 = Fe23+ 2A1
80 Fe23 426,5 .
8.
S2() + 2H2S() = 3S() + 22()
234,50 . H2S.
9.
4NH3 () + 32 () = 2N2 + 620() Δ 298 = 1528 .
NH3() NH4H, NH3() 34,65 .
10. 122211,
122211 + 122 = 122 + 112()
5694 .
11. Δ 298 ZnS4, ,
2ZnS + 32 = 2Zn + 2S2 Δ = 890,0 ;
2S2 + 2 = 2S3 Δ = 196,6 ;
ZnS4 = ZnO + S4 Δ = +234,0 .
12.
b2 + 2 = b + 2() Δ = 182,8 .
b2.
13. 65(),
3227,54 /, 2 2 . . 1 .
14. CaC2,
Ca + 3 = CaC2 + C; Δ = 460,0 .
15. Δ 298 , :
C2H4 () + 3O2 () = 2CO2 () + 2H2O(), Δ = 1323 ;
C() + O2 () = CO2 () Δ = 393,5 ;
H2() + ½ O2()=H2O(); Δ = 241,8
16. Δ . , , . ?
| ) 4NH3 ()+5O2 ()→4NO()+6H2O(); | ) 2H2S()+SO2()→3S()+2H2O(); |
| ) 4NH3 ()+3O2 ()→2N2 ()+6H2O(); | ) 2H2()+P4()→4PH3(); |
| ) Fe2O3 ()+3CO()→2Fe()+3CO2 (); | ) 3Fe()+2O2()→Fe2O3(); |
| ) CH4 ()+2O2 ()→CO2 ()+H2O(); | ) 2C2H2 ()+52 ()→4CO2 ()+2H2O(); |
| ) 2Mg()+CO2 ()→2MgO()+C(); | ) 4HF()+Br2 ()→2HBr()+F2 (); |
| ) 2l2 ()+H2O()→4HCl()+O2 (); | ) CaO()+CO2 ()→CaCO3 (); |
| ) 3CH4 ()+CO2 ()+H2O()→4CO()+8H2 (); | ) 4() + 2SO2 ()→42 () + S2 (). |
| ) CaO()+SiO2()→CaSiO3 (); |
(?), ?
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17.
I2O3 () + 3SO3 () = Al2(S04)3 (),
.
18. , (. . 2 ), Δ :
26 () + 2 () = 24 ()
19. Δ 298 , (IV) (II) .
20. Δ 298
25 () + H3 () = 325 () + 2O
Δ ..325 = 2254,21 /.
2 2.
21.
NaH () + 2 () = NaOH (p) + 2 ()
, , Δ NaH () = 56,94 /, Δ Na () = 469,47 /.
22.
2PbS +32 = 2bO + 2S2 ,
, .
23 ,
2 393,5 /, 395,4 /.
24.
I3 = 1 + ½2; Δ = 49,4 /,
KCI4 = 1 + 22; Δ = 33 /,
Δ
4KI3 = 3KCI4 + 1
25. 26 24 1560
1411 /. Δ 298
24 + 2 = 26
26. () 3268
1301 /. Δ 298 322 () = 66 ()
27. 1409 /. Δ 298
2 + 42 = 25 + 2()
28. Δ 298 :
) 2Li () + 2H2O () = 2Li+(.) + 2(.) + 2 ();
) 2N () + 2H2O () = 2N+(.) + 2(.) + 2 ();
Li+(.), N+(.), (.) 278,5, 239,7 228,9 /.
29. Δ 298 H2O () :
FeO () + CO () = Fe() + 2 () Δ 298 = 18,2 ;
2CO () + 2 = 22 () Δ 298 = 566,0 ;
Δ 298
FeO () + H2 () = Fe () + H2O ().
30. Δ 298 322 () = 66 (), Δ 298 2 () 2O () 1301 /, Δ 298 66 () 82,9 /.
31.
760,1 /, 722,1 /. ?
32. KN3 :
KN3 () + H2S4 () = KHS4 () + HN3 () ()
2KN3 () + H2S4 () = K2S4 () + 2HN3 () ()
( ) 1 , 80% (), Δ (HN3())=
133,90 /.
33.
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Hg(ONC)2 = Hg + 2CO + N2 + 364,2 .
(..) , 1,5 Hg(ONC)2.
34. , 50
2O5 + 2 = 2O3,
:
2 + 5/2O2 = 2O5 1549,0 ;
2 + 2 + 3O2 = 2O3 1964,8 .
35. , 20 (..), Δ 298203 () 26 () 1264 +31,4 /. , 1559,88 /?
36. , 393,51 /,
() → () 1,88 /.
37. 1 , Δ () = 18,41; Δ ()= 43,20 /?
38. , 200 Na2C3 , :
Na2C3 + Si2 = Na2Si3 + 2 +819,29 ;
Na2 + Si2 = Na2Si3 243,5 ?
39. 38 CS2?
40. ( ) 6226 . ( ).
41. (II). , 112 , .
42. H2O () , . ? ?
43. , ( ) Q, 100 20 30º. = 75,3 /().
Q = CνΔt, ν .
44. , 8,4 (22 + 2), .
