, , :
=
. 55,55 /3. :
[H2O] = [H+] [OH-]
K [H2O] = const K[H2O] =Kw
Kw = [H+] [OH-]
Kw . , [H+] =[OH-] . 22 0 13 10-7 ( [H+]=[OH-] = 10-7 /.) Kw = [H+] [OH-] =10-14
: + -, , 10-14 22 0.
, , , +, -. , , +:
[H+]>[OH-]>10-7 /
[H+] = [OH-] = 10-7 /
[H+]<[OH-]< 107 /
Kw, [H+] [OH-] , , lg[H+] ; lg[H-] .
<7
=7
>7
[H+][OH-]=10-14 , ,
+=14
.
, , :
HCl=H+ +Cl-
H=-lg[H+]
[H+]=α n C-,
α , n +, , , / α ≈1; n=1, [H+] ≈ C-, =-lgC-.
, NaOH.
,
NaOH=Na+ +OH-
[OH-]= α n C
n=1, α ≈1, [OH-] ≈ C
-lg[OH-] =-lgC
[H+] = → =14+lgC
CH3COOH D CH3COO- + H+
K-=
, , [CH3COOH] ≈ const. , [H+] = [CH3COO-],
-=
[H+]2 = K- -,
[H+] =
pH = pK- - lgC-,
= -lgK