| 1. concept 2. conjecture 3. consensus 4. dogma 5. philosophy 6. framework 7. ideology 8. perspective 9. stance 10. theory | a) The religious of the time prevented these innovative ideas from gaining wide acceptance. b) The government is reconsidering its on welfare reform and now appears to more or less in agreement with the main opposition party. c) The development of international law is interesting when viewed from a historical . d) We dismissed his accusation of theft because it was based on rather than fact. e) The prime minister was criticized for basing his approach to economic problems on political rather than on a reasonable assessment of the situation. f) Despite intense negotiation, the committee was unable to reach a . g) The time-space continuum is a difficult to grasp unless you are a physicist. h) Hofstede developed an interesting for comparing cultures. |
Task 8. Underline the adjectives that have a positive meaning. Circle those which have a negative meaning.
| 1. ambiguous | 2. biased | 3. compelling |
| 4. credible | 5. flawed | 6. valid |
Task 9. Complete the table below with the missing parts of speech.
| Noun | concept | dogma | ||||
| Adjective | ambiguous | biased | credible | valid |
WRITING
Translate into English in written form.
.
8 . 1999 . . , 8 1724 (28 ) I . 1925 , 1991 .
. . , , , . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , , .
, , , , . , .
TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
Summarize the information by selecting and reposting the main features, and make comparisons where it is relevant.
Table 1
a) Study the following table below which shows the estimate literacy rates by region and gender for 2008-2016.
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b) Find the estimate literacy rates for Russia by region and gender.
c) Discuss the following questions:
- How do high levels of literacy help a country?
- What can governments do to improve literacy rates?
- How does literacy affect your life?
| Total | Male | Female | |
| World | 81.9 | 86.3 | 76.2 |
| Africa | 58.5 | 71.6 | 53.9 |
| Americas | 92.6 | 94.1 | 94.2 |
| Asia | 80.3 | 86.9 | 73.5 |
| Europe | 97.7 | 98.2 | 96.3 |
| Oceania | 92.4 | 94.2 | 91.7 |
Table 2
a) Study the following table below which shows the number of English learners who used different models of learning between the years 2010 2014.
b) Discuss the following questions:
- Do you think English is a difficult language to learn?
- What is your favourite way to practice your English?
- Do you think that English will completely dominate all the other languages in the future? If yes, how will it affect the world?
| Models of learning | Years | ||
| Language school | 4,800 | 4,880 | 2,667 |
| Online | 2,108 | 2,550 | 4,080 |
| Self-study | 2,980 | 3,009 | 3,199 |
| Private Classes | 2,560 | 2,569 | 2,900 |
UNIT 7
CHOOSING SCIENCE AS A CAREER
LEAD-IN
Exercise 1. Spend one minute writing down all of the different words you associate with the word scientist. Share your words with your partner(s).
