- ()
( )
-
-
, 2010
- -
()
- . : , 2010. 95 .
-: . . , . . , . . , . . , .. , . .
- . , . .
. . , . . ,
. . , . . ,
.. , . . .
.. | |
I. | |
. | |
.. | |
1.. | |
1.. | |
II. T̅ | |
. | |
.. | |
2.. | |
2.. | |
III. ... | |
.. | |
.. | |
3.. | |
3.. | |
I. .. | |
II. ۅ. 1. , . | |
2. , ȅ. | |
3. ( ).... | |
4. ⅅ | |
5. . | |
6. .. | |
7. | |
8. r ( ) Z ⅅ.. | |
9. 充 10. . 11. .. 12. 13. 14. III. ҅ | |
|
|
- - .
- , . , : , , .
, , . , . , , - - .
, - . (. ), . - .
, , . ( , , ).
|
|
, , , , , . , , .
, , .
, ( ). .
, , . , , . , , , . , .
, , , , . , , , , . .
I
(, ) | |
(, ) | |
(, ) | |
(, ) | |
- | |
s | |
, , t | |
) u 1 u 2 m 1 m 2 ) u | |
J , R | , m - |
J R | , m - |
J R | , m - |
J l , | , m - |
J l , | , m - |
J R, , | , m - |
, J , J0 , , m , a | |
, α F - r | |
J = const | |
A=M φ, M , φ | |
, J , m , g , l | |
, P - , V , m , - , R , - | |
- | , p , n0 , k , - |
, δQ , ; dU - ; δ , | |
δQ , , ∆S , S | |
, i , R | |
, i , R | |
, i , R | |
, V1 ; V2 ; T 1 ; T 2 | |
, , V | |
, , , V , , , R | |
, m , | |
( ) | , γ - , , |
, R | |
, Q 1 , () ; Q 2 , | |
, T 1 ; T 2 |
|
|
1. , , . s 1 = A t + B t 2 s 2 = C t + D t 2 + F t 3. .
. υ 1 = u + υ 2, υ 1 , υ 2 , u .
,
u = υ 1 - υ 2.(1)
υ 1 υ 2, s 1 s 2 .
(2)
(1) :
|
|
u =A + 2B t C 2 Dt 3 Ft 2 = A C + 2 (B - D)t 3 Ft 2.
2. τ
υ = A + B t + C t 2 (0 ≤ t ≤ τ). τ.
. , .
υ =s/τ (1)
, , , .
(1)
.
3. . , 5 . 330 /.
. t 1. . , .
h = g t 12/2. (1)
t 2 , . ,
h = υ t 2 (2)
υ . , t = 5 . :
t = t 1 + t 2,
t 2= t - t 1.
(1) (2),
g t 1 2/2= υ (t - t 1), (3)
g t 12 + 2 υ t 1 2 υ t = 0.
, t 1 = 4,7 c. (1), h = 109 .
4. . , h = s / 4 (s - ). , .
. υ α (. 1), υ y ,
(1)
:
, (2)
t , 2 t. y = 0. (1) (2) :
. (3)
, ( y ). , (2) (3) :
. (4)
h = s /4. s x, (2 t). (2) (3):
. (5)
h = s /4 (4) (5)
. (6)
(6)
5.
v = 10 . , , x max = 1 . .
.
x = A sin (ω t + φ ), (1)
, ω , t , φ - . ,
= x max. (2)
ω v
ω = 2 π v. (3)
t = 0 (1)
x max = sin φ .
φ = arcsin (x max / A)=arcsin 1,
φ = (2 k + 1) π / 2, ().
2 π , φ = π / 2.
,
x = A sin (2 π v t + π / 2) = cos (2 π v t).
x = 10-3 cos (20 π t).
6. , υ = 3 /, . M = 10 . . m = 10 α = 60 . υ ( ), n = 2 .
. , , , . , .
|
|
, , , . (. 2).
7. m = 600 α = 1 (. 3) t = 1 υ = 18 /. μ = 0,01. <N> .
.
, , .
h = s sin α,
oy, , ,
, .
, , .
a = υ / t = 0,08/2, s = 72 .
, , 18 / = 5 /.
8. =10 .. =2 /2. , : 1) , 2) .
. G, . . , . , , N ( ), , . .
, G=N.
, N.
: = mg N.
z , . z , . . :
N P = ma,
N= P+ma = m(g+a). (2)
(1) (2)
G = m(g + a).
:
1) (a>0),
G1 = 10∙(9,81 + 2) = 118 ;
2) (a<0),
G2 = 10∙(9,81 2) = 78 .
9. m = 1 s = A B t + C t 2 D t 3, B = 3 /, = 5 /2, D = 1 /3. N, t = 1 .
.
(1)
.
δA = dT. (2)
.
(1),
(3)
, , ,
N = 144 = 16 .
10. , α = 30 , . , , , 30 .
. mgh mυ 2 / 2 Jω 2/2. ,
(1)
J = (2/5) m R 2 (2)
R , m .
ω = υ/R.
(1)
.
l.
(3)
a = υ/t.
(3)
.
, l . l
11. R = 1,5 m 1 = 180 n = 10 -1. m 2 = 60 . , ?
. , z, , . L z - .
L z = J z ω = const (1)
J z z,
ω .
, ( ),
J z = J 1+ J 2,
J z = J' 1+ J' 2.
(1) :
(J 1+ J 2) ω = (J' 1+ J' 2 ) ω' (2)
J 1 J 2 , J' 1 J' 2 .
z J 1 = J' 1=(1/2) m 1 R 2. . , J 2 ( ) . ( ) J' 2= m 2 R 2. (2) , ω = 2 π n ω'= υ/R, υ .
((1/2) m 1 R 2 + 0) 2 π n = ((1/2) m 1 R 2 + m 2 R 2) υ/R.
R 2 υ.
υ =2 π n R m 1 / (m 1+ 2 m 2 ).
, υ = 0,94 /.
12. R = 10 m = 5 φ = A + B t 2 + C t 3, B = 2 /2, = - 0,5 /3. t = 3 c.
. : M J β.
M = J β (1)
J = (2/5) m R 2 (2)
R , m .
, .
, ,
= -0,1 ͕.
, .
13. m 1 = 80 m 2 = 320 . p = 1 , = 300 . , .
. , , . -, p 1 p 2 :
p 1 = m 1 R T / M 1 V,
p 2 = m 2 R T / M 2 V.
, ,
p = p 1 + p 2,
p = (m 1 / M 1 + m 2 / M 2) R T / V.
V = (m 1 / M 1 + m 2 / M 2) R T / p
, , M 1 = 3210-3 /,
M 2 =4010-3 /:
V = (0,08/3210-3+0,32/4010-3) 8,31300/106=0,0262 3 = 26,2 .
14. 10 p 1 = 1 1 = 300 . , m = 10 , 2 = 290 . p 2 , .
. -, .
, (1)
m 2 , M , R .
(1)
. (2)
m 2 m 1, m , :
m 2 = m 1 m. (3)
m 1 -, :
. (4)
(3), m 2 (2),
15. < > = 350 , m = 4 .
. < ε i> = ½ kT, k , - . ( 2 ) ,
. (1)
E = < ε > N. (2)
N = N A v, (3)
N A , v .
, v = m / M, m ,
M , (3)
N = N A m / M
N (2),
E = < ε > N A m / M.
, , = 3210-3 /.
16. m = 2 V 1 = 1 3 p 1 = 0,2 . V 2 = 3 3, p 3 = 0,5 . ΔU , Q, .
.
, (1)
i ( 2 i = 5); ΔT = T 3 - T 1 .
- pV = (m/M)RT,
= pVM/mR.
1 = p 1(V 2 - V 1).
, 2 = 0.
, ,
= 1 + 2 = 1.
, , , ΔU . , , = 3210-3 / ,
1 = 385 , 2 = 1155 , 3 = 2888 , 1 = 0,4 , Q = 3,64 ,
ΔU = 3,24 .
17. . 1= 500 . 2 , , , A = 350 .
. , , , . :
,
Q 1 , , , . :
.
,
2 = 1(1 - η).
η = 350 / 1000 = 0,35,
2 = 500 (1 - 0,35) = 325 .
1
1.01 | 1.11 | 1.21 | 1.31 | 1.41 | 1.51 | 1.61 | 1.71 | |
1.02 | 1.12 | 1.22 | 1.32 | 1.42 | 1.52 | 1.62 | 1.72 | |
1.03 | 1.13 | 1.23 | 1.33 | 1.43 | 1.53 | 1.63 | 1.73 | |
1.04 | 1.14 | 1.24 | 1.34 | 1.44 | 1.54 | 1.64 | 1.74 | |
1.05 | 1.15 | 1.25 | 1.35 | 1.45 | 1.55 | 1.65 | 1.75 | |
1.06 | 1.16 | 1.26 | 1.36 | 1.46 | 1.56 | 1.66 | 1.76 | |
1.07 | 1.17 | 1.27 | 1.37 | 1.47 | 1.57 | 1.67 | 1.77 | |
1.08 | 1.18 | 1.28 | 1.38 | 1.48 | 1.58 | 1.68 | 1.78 | |
1.09 | 1.19 | 1.29 | 1.39 | 1.49 | 1.59 | 1.69 | 1.79 | |
1.10 | 1.20 | 1.30 | 1.40 | 1.50 | 1.60 | 1.70 | 1.80 |