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CHARACTER(n) CHAR(n) n . 255
DATE, TIME, TIMESTAMP ,
NUMERIC[(n,m)] , n , m
DECIMAL[(n,m)] DEC [(n,m)] , n , m
INTEGER INT 2147483648 2147483647
SMALLINT 32768 32767
FLOAT[(n)] , . n ,
REAL -3.40282338 3.40382338
DOUBLE PRECISION -1.79769313486232308 1.797....308

 

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