: , , . 1. . . .
:
1) (.. , , , )
2)
3) , : , , .
. . ( ), ( ) ( , - ). .
1 - 1,2 - .
-: ,
-:
1) 2H5CL+NaOHC2H5OH+NaCl( )
2) CH2H2CH2=CH2+KBr+H2O
HBr ()
3) . CH3I+2Na+I-CH3CH3-CH3+2NaI ( )
4) .CH3-CH3-I+=--CH3-CH3+I2 ( )
5) . CH3Br+2LiCH3Li+LiBr( )
:
, , .
32. ....
- .
1 , 2 , .
, , ..:nH2n+1OH; R-OH
().
R-OM, R ( ), M , . -. , . , .
: . (R , Me )
2ROH + 2Me → 2ROMe + H2↑
33. . .
C-OH=O, .
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- , .
, , .
() . ( ), . , (CH3)2CH-CH2-COOH 3- .
, , .
: R-COOH.
.-: .2) .
.-:
.-. .
, .. .