3.
4. . 䳿 - 䳿.
. .
.
. ( ) , .
, , .
- ( 2.15) , mi ri - ³ - - ; n - - .
3.15 . |
, , , : . .
ϳ , :
, 䳺 , , . .
, , .
2
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ?
7. ( ) ().
8. , 䳺 ()?
9. ?
10. ()?
11. ()?
3.1 . |
3.1 . . . .
(..)
1. - .
2. . - , F, 䳺 s, 䳺 a 䳿 .
3. - , : ( 4.1) 0< a < 90, > 0, ( - ); a = 90, = 0, ( - ); 90 < a < 180, < 0 - .
4. =Fscosa
5. [ ]=ͷ= (). . 1 =3 600 000 .
3.2 |
|
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, , = Fscosα . , , dr, F , - . F dr
3.3 . |
α - F dr; ds = | |- ; Fs - F ( 3.2).
1 2 . .
Fs s 1 - 2. ( 3.3), .
N () (..). .
1. .
2. . - , A t .
3. - .
4. , , F - , 䳺 , v - .
5. [ N ]=/= ()
6. . - , .
3.2 . . . . ( ) . .
.
. , , , .
, , . , - .
. , , , .
, , .
: - . - .
ҳ, , 㳺 W.
. - , 䳿 .
. F, 䳺 P, O, 䳺 , 璺 O P.
( F(r) 1 /r2)
( F(r) 1/ r2)
( F(r) r)
- , . 㳿 - .
ҳ, , 㳺 W. - , 䳿 .
|
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. ( ) 㳿, - ( 㳿):
dA F dr,
- , . , , , , .
, , ( ), .
( ) , : , x ; k .
: , m - , g , h 㳿 .
3.3 ʳ . 㳿 . . 㳿.
ʳ W
1. ʳ - .
2. . ʳ - , (m) (v).
3. ʳ - .
4.
, :
5. [ W ] =
1. , 㳺 .
2. . , , 㳿 .
3. ;
4. .
.
. - 䳿:
W = W + W,
.
㳿
1. 㳿 , 㳺 䳿 .
2. . .
3. W = W + W, =const
4. . 㳿 .
㳿
㳿 , , . - , , 㳿 .
, , 㳿.
( ) . .
, , , , , . . , , , 㳿 㳿, . 㳿.
|
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. . , .
3.6
( ) - , . 䳿 ( ) , , . .
, .
ϳ 㳿 . , . , . ³ ε.
ε = 0, , ε = 1 - . 0 < ε <1 (, ε ≈ 0,56, ε ≈ 0,89, ε ≈ 0).
ҳ .
3
1. ?
2. CI.
3. ? .
4. 㳿.
5. 㳿.
6. 㳿.
7. 㳿.
8. ' , 䳺 , 㳺?
4.
4.1 . .
. .
.
. - , - , . , .
䳿 .
. ˳ 䳿 - , 䳺 .
. ³ - , .
4.1 . |
M
1. - .
2. . - -, .
3. , , ( ( 4.1) , ).
4. , - -, .
4.2 z. |
4. [ ] = ͷ ().
|
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* - , 䳿 .
* - , , z, . , , ( 4.2), .
* 䳿 , .
4.2 . .
()
1. .
2. . z z .
3. .
4. , mi - i - , ri - i- z.
, r - dm z.
5. [ ] = 2
* , - . 4.1 .
4.1 -
ҳ | a | Ja | |
m | r . | ||
r m. | |||
r m | |||
m r2 r1 | |||
l, r m | ³ | ||
() l, r m | ³ | ||
l m | ³ | ||
l m | ³ | ||
r m | ³ | ||
r m | ³ |
4.3 |
1. .
2. . - kc xc, ( 4.3), x1, xc, .
3. m - , a - x1 xc.
4. .
4.3 .
1. ' .
2. . , , .
3. - z, - , - , , .
4. .
2- , :
1) ,
,
2) - .
.
4.4 , .
, L
1. .
2. . m, , O, - .
4.4 . |
4. , - - ( 4.4), - .
, l - .