, , , . :
 ,
| (2.1) |
u - , /;
d - , ;
n - , 2/.
Re, Re, . , ( ..).
, Re, Re. Re Re.
Re = 2320. , Re < Re , Re > Re - . (), ( ).
, h1 h2 hl l 1-1 2-2 (. 4).
    |
|
:
| (2.2) |
a - ;
n - .
(n=1). (2.2) n=1,75 n=2. , - ( ). .
:
1 , () 3. 8 (, ), 12 . 8 .
1. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 4, 5, 7, 11. 10, 12, 14 .
|
|
|
2. 8 2 .
3. 1 1.
4. 14 , .
5. 8 .
6. , 1, . (8) (14).
7. 10. ∆t V , 2. 2.1. 10.
8. , 2.1.
9. 1 , 6, 7 8. . 2.1.
10. 6, 7, 8 9 1.
11. 8.
12. 1.
13. 3.
. , ( ..), .. , .
:
1. :
| ν = 0,179 10-2/ (1000 + 34 +0,222) | (2.3) |
ν - , 2/;
, .
2. :
 ,
| (2.4) |
3. :
, (2.5)
S ;
d = 15 1.
4. (2.1)
5. Re .
6. .
2.1
| V, | ∆t, | Q, / | u, / | Re | ||
3
,
:
" ". .
:
, .
:
. .
:
|
|
|
| (3.1) |
Z1 1-1;
Z2 2-2;
P1 1-1;
P2 2-2;
u1 1-1;
u2 2-2;
ρ ;
h1,2 1-1 2-2.
.
:
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
:
| (3.2) |
υ1 1-1;
υ2 2-2;
α , . . α = 2, α = 1,05 - 1,1.
υ - ( ):
| (3.3) |
S1, S2 .
(3.1) (3.2) , . .
, m Z ( ), gZ. , , Z . , m P g ( g, ); . , 
, h1-2 1-1 2-2, , . , () , . ( ), , , ( ).
:
dI = 15 , dII = 11 , dIII = 15 . . . 1.
.
( ).
1. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 4, 5, 8, 12. 6, 7, 9, 14 .
2. .
3. , .
|
|
|
4. 6 12 (12) . 3.1.
5. 9. Δt V , 1. 3.1. 9.
6. 3.1. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 (13,14, 15, 16, 17).
7. , 4, 5 6 12 . 3.1. . 3.1.
8. ( , ) 6 ( 5 ), 8. 3.2. , , , .
9. 6.
10. .
:
1. 
3.1.
2. 
; 
; 
.
3. :
) () 
;
) () 
4. :
, 
, 
,
SI, SII ;
ν ( ν = 10-6 2/ = 12 2/).
5. , .
6. :
, 
, 
.
7. :
,
,
.
:
.
8. .
,
,
.
:
.
9. 
, 
, 
, - 
10. ( ) , , . . .
. 5.
11. .
. 5. .
3.1
| V, . | Δt, . | Q, /. | 12, . | 13, . | 14, . | 15, . | 16, . | 17, . | υI, /. | υII, /. | υIII, /. | ReI | ReII | ReIII | |
3.1 ()
|
|
|
| ΔhI, . | ΔhII, . | ΔhIII, . | Δh1314, . | Δh1516, . | Δh910, . |  , .
|  , .
|  , .
|  , .
|  , .
|  , .
|  , .
|  , .
|  , .
|  , .
| |
3. 2
| V, . | Δt, . | Q /. | 12, . | 13, . | 14, . | 15, . | 16, . | 17, . | ||
| -1 | ||||||||||
| -3 |
4
:
" ", .
:
λ . λ , .
:
h :
| (4.1) |
