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, 28. 䳿 , , . , , , 崳. [Kuran, 1995] , . ֳ -- . , ᒺ , ( ). , , . , , , [] [McPhail, 1991, p. 158-184]. ; , [Marwell and Oliver, 1993].

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㳿. 㳿 . ; . , , . , 100 㳿, American Journal of Sociology, 㳿 , . ᒺ 㳿; , , , , , .

. , 1990- .

ϳ ( ): , 䳺 , ; ; , , ϳ , -볺. , 1994 . ϳ , ; [Collins, 1978, p. 32] , , , ϳ . , , ϳ . (, ; , 1945 .: ).

. - ; . (, ᒺ , ). ; . , , -볺, , 崳 崳*.

1. Particularistic 㳿 . - .

2. [Collins, 1978] , . , , , , , 3 000 , , . , , , , 1500 ., - .

3. , , . , , , , .

4. . [Boulding, 1962, p. 237-239] .

5. , . , , : , ; , ; ͳ ᒺ . , 13, , (randomizing), , . .

6. ³ , . VII . , , 㳺 . [Collins, 1978]. ͳ, . [Waltz, 1979; Gilpin, 1981] , , . , , , , . 250 , , .

7. dz : [Coser, 1956, p. 78-89].

8. , 㳿 , . , ( ) , ’ 1963-1975 . 2 000 . , . ( ) [Van Creveld, 1977, 1991].

9. ᒺ . ; (logistical loads); . , . ( , ). , . [Hanneman, Collins and Mordt, 1955].

10. , .  [Moore, 1966]. [Paige, 1975]; [Stinchcombe, 1961]. , ; , . ֳ [] . ; , , , . ³ vis--vis .

11. [Goldstone, 1991, p. 404-414], , , ; , [], . . [Collins, 1993].

12. , , , . - , ( ) , ; , , , . г , , 䳺 . , ( , ). : 䳺 1640 . . , , XVI ͳ , , [Stone, 1979, p. 335]. .

13. , , [Collins, 1986; Fakts on File, 1984-1991; Keesings Record of World Events, 1984-1991] , .

14. , , , : , , - [Collins, 1986, p. 203].

15. , , , [Office of Technology Assessment, 1979]. , 13 5 , .

16. , 1980- , . ( ), ; , , .

17. , , . [Collins and Waller, 1992; Gaddis, 1992].

18. , . , , , , .

19. , [Amalrik, 1970], ad hoc, .

20. , [Goldstone, 1992] , , , . . , . 䳿 .

21. , . . , . 1990- , ; , . , , , (industrial enterprise feudalism) [Burawoy and Krotov, 1992]. [ 䳿 䳿] , ; , .

22. , 1989 ., , . , , , (. [Li, 1993]).

23. , , , . , , . .

24. [Wuthnow, 1989] , , ղ ., , , . ҳ. , , , . , ( ), (cultural entrepreneurs); , .

25. , , ; , [Bueno de Mesquite and Lalman, 1992].

26. . , , (). , , - , : , . , , , , , .

27. ֳ 쳿 ; 1848 ., , 볿 , , , . 񳺿 ͳ [Kinder and Hilgemann, 1968, p. 328, 406]. .

28. , 䳿 ᒺ , - - .

* . , 1994 . 1995 ., . . .

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