| 1) Quality assurance (quality control) covers all activities from design, development, production, installation, servicing and documentation. 2) This exposes many unanticipated weaknesses in a product, and the data is used to drive engineering and manufacturing process improvements. 3) Traditional statistical process control in manufacturing operations usually proceeds by randomly sampling and testing a fraction of the output. 4) When the first specialized craftsmen gave manufacturing tools for others, the principle of quality control was simple: "let the buyer beware". 5) Quality assurance has developed a good deal during the last 80–90 years. | 1) Забезпечення якості дуже вдосконалилось за останні 80-90 років. 2) Коли перші спеціалізовані майстри надали іншим знаряддя виробництва, принцип контролю за якістю був простий: «давайте захистимо покупця». 3) Забезпечення якості (контроль якості) охоплює всі види діяльності від проектування, підготовчих робіт, виробництва, монтажу, обслуговування і документації. 4) Традиційний статистичний контроль у виробничих операціях зазвичай проходить завдяки випадковому підбору зразків та тестуванню частини випуску продукції. 5) Це показує багато неочікуваних недоробок у продукції, а дані використовуються для того, щоб здійснити інженерні та виробничі покращення. |
Exercise 8. Complete the sentences according to the text. Use word-combinations given below. Translate the sentences.
1) These systems are often developed in conjunction with other ……………. using a cross-functional approach.
2) Statistics shows, less than ………… is safe to consume.
3) This introduced the rules: "fit for purpose" and ……………...
4) Failure testing or destructive testing is a valuable tool of………………..
5) Variances of critical tolerances are continuously tracked, and ………………………….are corrected before bad parts can be produced.
6) Early ………………, however, needed to be built to specifications.
7) The Industrial Revolution led to a system in which large groups of people performing a similar type of work were grouped together under ……………………..
- earthquake engineering, "do it right the first time", business and engineering disciplines, 5% of the world’s food, the supervision of a foreman, civil engineering projects, manufacturing processes.
Exercise 9. Answer the following questions:
1) What is quality control?
2) What activities does quality assurance cover?
3) What is failure testing?
4) Why do many organizations use statistical process control?
5) What was the first principle of the quality control?
6) What was the result of the Industrial Revolution for quality control?
7) When has quality assurance developed to the current state?
III. Speaking.
Exercise 10. Name the spheres of the quality assurance application and speak on its statistics.
Exercise 11. Describe “the Failure testing”.
Exercise 12. Prove that statistical control is important for the manufacturing processes.
Exercise 13. Speak in details about the historical development of the quality control.
Exercise 14. Make up the chart to the text covering the main ideas. Reproduce the text A according to it.
IV. Reading and comprehension.
Exercise 15. Read the text B. Translate it with a dictionary.
Total quality control
Total Quality Control is the most necessary inspection control of all in cases where, despite statistical quality control techniques or quality improvements implemented, sales decrease.
The major problem which leads to a decrease in sales was that the specifications did not include the most important factor, “What the customer required”.
The major characteristics, ignored during the search to improve manufacture and overall business performance were:
- Reliability
- Maintainability
- Safety
As the most important factor had been ignored, a few refinements had to be introduced:
1. Marketing had to carry out their work properly and define the customer’s specifications.
2. Specifications had to be defined to conform to these requirements.
3. Conformance to specifications i.e. drawings, standards and other relevant documents, were introduced during manufacturing, planning and control.
4. Management had to confirm that all operators are equal to the work imposed on them and holidays, celebrations and disputes did not affect any of the quality levels.
5. Inspections and tests were carried out, and all components and materials, bought in or otherwise, conformed to the specifications, and the measuring equipment was accurate, this is the responsibility of the QA(quality assurance)/QC(quality control) department.
6. Any complaints received from the customers were satisfactorily dealt with in a timely manner.
7. Feedback from the user/customer is used to review designs.
8. Consistent data recording and assessment and documentation integrity.
9. Product and/or process change management and notification.
If the original specification does not reflect the correct quality requirements, quality cannot be inspected or manufactured into the product.
For instance, all parameters for a pressure vessel should include not only the material and dimensions but operating, environmental, safety, reliability and maintainability requirements.
To conclude, the above forms the basis from which the philosophy of quality assurance has evolved, and the achievement of quality is “Quality Awareness” throughout the company.
