| 1) Product certification 2) accredited test standards 3) software package 4) certification mark 5) standards writing organizations 6) testing organizations 7) documented compliance 8) quality control measures 9) officially sealed 10) test rig | 1) обладнання для випробувань 2) заходи з контролю якості 3) знак сертифікації 4) сертифікація продукту, виробу 5) акредитовані стандарти на тестування, випробування 6) офіційно проштампований 7) організація, яка розробляє стандарти 8) пакет програм 9) організація по тестуванню, випробуванням 10) документальна згода |
Exercise 15. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
1) Product qualification is the process of certifying that a certain product has passed performance and quality assurance tests.
2) Products, once certified, needn’t be endorsed with a quality mark.
3) An example of a national accreditor is the Standards Council of Canada.
4) Test reports that are only based on testing are done for the interests of the customer and are used to comply with code requirements.
5) A submitter (usually a manufacturer of a product) is not required to turn over his entire process standard to the certification organization.
6) Certifiers must observe the construction of test specimens to avoid any possible cheating.
Exercise 16. Answer the following questions to the text B:
1) What is product certification or product qualification?
2) What may certification of products indicate?
3) How does the process of certification start?
4) Do you know any example of a national accreditor?
5) What is submitter?
6) What actions precede the product testing?
7) Why do certifiers make tests of different products?
III. Speaking.
Exercise 17. Describe the process of certification, name its components.
Exercise 18. Explain the principles of work of the Accredited Certification Organizations.
Exercise 19. Speak about ways of the product certification using the questions from the ex. 17 and information from the text.
Exercise 20. Role-play. Make up an interview. Imagine that you are an employee of one of the Certification Organizations. You are interviewed. So describe your work there, its advantages and difficulties. Use the vocabulary of the lesson.
IV. Writing.
Exercise 21. Read the text C. Give the reviewing translation of the text. Write an abstract to the following text.
Certification mark
A certification mark on a commercial product indicates five things:
- The existence of a legal follow-up or product certification agreement between the manufacturer of a product and an organization with national accreditation for both testing and certification,
- Legal evidence that the product was successfully tested in accordance with a nationally accredited standard,
- Legal assurance the accredited certification organization has ensured that the item that was successfully tested and is identical to that which is being offered for sale,
- Legal assurance that the successful test has resulted in a certification listing, which is considered public information, which sets out the tolerances and conditions of use for the certified product, to enable compliance with the law through listing and approval use and compliance,
- Legal assurance that the manufacturer is being regularly audited by the certification organization to ensure the maintenance of the original process standard that was employed in the manufacture of the test specimen that passed the test. If the manufacturer should fail an audit, all product that was certified, including labels of stock on hand, on construction sites, with end-user customers and on distributor store shelves, can be mandated by the certification organization in charge to be immediately removed, and can insist that all stakeholders be informed that the de-listed product certification is no longer eligible for use in field installations.
On the part of the certifier, the label itself is a type of trademark whereby manufacturer uses the mark to indicate eligibility of the products for use in field installations in accordance with the requirements of the code, and the origin, material, mode of manufacture of products, mode of performance of services, quality, and accuracy of other characteristics of products or services.
Certification marks differ from collective trade marks. The main difference is that collective trade marks may be used by particular members of the organization which owns them, while certification marks are the only evidence of the existence of follow-up agreements between manufacturers and nationally accredited testing and certification organizations. Certification organizations charge for the use of their labels and are thus always aware of exact production numbers. In this way, certification organizations can be seen to earn a commission from sales of products under their follow-up regimes. In return, the use of the certification marks enables the product sales in the first place.
Regulations concerning the use of certification marks. Trademark laws in countries which provide for the filing of applications to register certificate marks also usually require the submission of regulations which set out a number of matters, including:
- the people authorized to use the certification mark
- the characteristics to be certified by the certification mark
- how the certifying or standard tests these characteristics and supervises the use of the mark
- dispute resolution procedures.
The main purpose of the regulations is to protect consumers against misleading practices.
UNIT 6
Business correspondence
I. Language
Exercise 1. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:
Inquiry - запит
Reply to inquiry -відповідь на запит
Letter of Credit (L/C) - акредитив
Invoice -рахунок-фактура
Bill of Lading (B/L) - коносамент
Bill of Exchange (draft) - перевідний вексель
Letter of insurance -страховка
Explanatory letter - роз'яснювальний лист
Order - замовлення
Offer -пропозиція
the letterhead -дані про відправника листа
the date -дата
inside name and address - дані про одержувача листа
indented line -абзац
salutation - привітання
the message - повідомлення, інформація
complimentary closure - заключна частина
the writer's signature - підпис відправника та його посада
And official position.
Exercise 2. Divide the words and word combinations into 3 groups:
a) Types of business letters.
b) Elements of a business letter structure.
c) Others.
