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, - (export management company, EMC) , . : ( , , ) ( , , ). - (Webb-Pomeren Association) , . , , , , . (international trading company) , . . (, sogo sosha). (manufacturer's agents) . (manufacturer's export agents) , . - (export and import brokers) , , , . - (freight forwarders) - , . |
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(liccensing) , () () . |
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(franchising) , ( franchisee) ( franchisor) . , , . , , , , . : . . . : , . . . : . . . |
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: (contract manufacturing) , . (management contract) , , , , , . . (turnkey contract) , , . ϻ (BOT, built operate - transfer). |
(foreign direct investments, FDI) . . . . |
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