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: What happened during all this time to the original Indo-European language?; : well-nigh, hardships, pushed on tirelessly, . : As a result, furthermore, : Indo-European, parent tongue, speech organs .

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, , . , "Spectator" 1956 . , .

POWER TO THE EGGHEADS by Richard H. Rovere

In early September, before Mr. Eisenhower fell ill, the Democratic nomination for President was an honour which almost any prudent politician would have gone to some length to avoid. It then appeared quite certain that it would go by default to Adlai Stevenson. Stevenson was ready to accept it out of a sense of obligation to the party and out of his intellectual's conviction that it is a good thing to keep controversy alive. He knew very well how dim the outlook for victory was. This knowledge, it may reasonably be assumed, was not as dismaying to him as it was to others. Stevenson is anything but an irresponsible man, but his personal responses tend to be ambivalent; he is at once exhilarated and appalled by the thought of being President of the Units States, and it would no doubt be difficult for him to say which reaction is the more powerful. It could well have been, though, that the prospect of a lively autumn dialogue with the President, coming to a close with Stevenson graciously extending his best wishes to Mr. Eisenhower upon his re-election, was a more appealing one than campaigning for the

40$


office and winning it. It is in any case a stock joke among Stevenson's friends that nothing could have brought more melancholy into his life than the improvement of his party's chances of winning the 1956 election. 'Now he's really frightened', they say.

To speak of 'Stevenson's following' is really to speak of a new American class, a kind of élite that has appointed Stevenson its spokesman and has increased its power through his leadership but that would exist and he heard from even if there were no Stevenson. The term 'egghead' has been coined as a designation for the type, and it is fitting at least in the emphasis it places on one part of the anatomy. As the word is used in the press, it is intended to stand for the intellectuals, and if a broad construction is put upon 'intellectuals', then one could define the Stevenson following in this way.

The eggheads may be found almost anywhere; they are housewives, doctors, dentists, clerks, schoolteachers, newspaper reporters, lawyers, clergymen, even now and then business people. They are men and women but particularly women who are in the mainstream of American life, or at any rate middle-class American life, but who have in common a certain degree of alienation and who, with their numbers constantly being swelled by the universities, are numerous enough and influential enough in their communities to demand a voice in public affairs. ("Spectator", 18.XI.1955)

- , default, ambivalent, exhilarated, appalled, elite . to keep (a weather) eye on..., to be a goat, pearl of great price, redneck types, has these people in his pocket .1

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XVI , . , .

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409


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XVII XVIII . XVII . XVIII : , - .

XVIII . . XVIII : "We writers of essays, or (as they are termed) periodical papers..."

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XIX , , .

. , . . . , , "On Style", .


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Uncommon expressions, strong flashes of wit, pointed similes, and epigrammatic turns, especially when they recur too frequently, are a disfigurement rather than any embellishment of discourse. As the eye, in surveying a Gothic building, is distracted by the multiplicity of ornaments and loses the whole by its minute attention to the parts; so the mind, in perusing a work overstocked with wit, is fatigued and disgusted with the constant endeavour to shine and surprise. This is the case where a writer overabounds in wit, even though that wit, in itself, should be just and agreeable. But it commonly happens to such writers, that they seek for their favourite ornaments, even where the subject does not afford them; and by that means have twenty insipid conceits for one thought which is really beautiful.

There is no object in critical learning more copious, than this of the just mixture of simplicity and refinement in writing; and therefore, not to wander in too large a field, I shall confine myself to a few general observations on that head.

(David H u m e. Of Simplicity and Refinement in Writing.)

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As for Johnson, I have always considered him to be, by nature, one of our great English souls. A strong and noble man; so much left undeveloped in him to the last: in a kindlier element what might he not have been Poet, Priest, sovereign Ruler! On the whole, a man must not complain of his "element", of his "time", or the like; it is thriftless work doing so. His time is bad: well then, he is there to make it better! Johnson's youth was poor, isolated, hopeless, very miserable. Indeed, it does not seem possible that, in any the favourablest outward circumstances, Johnson's life could have been other than a painful one. The world might have had more of profitable work out of him, or less; but his effort against the world's work could never have been a light one. Nature, in return for his nobleness, had said to him, Live in an element of diseased sorrow. Nay, perhaps the sorrow and the nobleness were in-

411


timately and even inseparably connected with each other. At all events poor Johnson had to go about girded with continual hypochondria, physical and spiritual pain. Like a Hercule with the burning Nessus' -shirt on him, which shoots in on him dull incurable misery: the Nessus'-shirt not to be stript-off, which is his own natural skin! In this manner he had to live. Figure him there, with his scrofulous diseases, with his great greedy heart, and unspeakable chaos of thoughts: stalking mournful as a stranger in this Earth; eagerly devouring what spiritual thing he could come at: school languages and other merely grammatical stuff, if there were nothing better! The largest soul that was in all England; and provision made for it of "fourpence-halfpenny a day." Yet a giant invincible soul; a true man's. One remembers always that story of the shoes of Oxford; the rough, seamy-faced, raw-boned College Servitor stalking about, in winter-season, with his shoes worn-out; how the charitable Gentlemen Commoner secretly places a new pair at his door; and the rawboned Servitor, lifting them, looking at them near, with his dim eyes, with what thoughts pitches them out of window! Wet feet, mud, frost, hunger or what you will; but not beggary: we cannot stand beggary! Rude stubborn self help here: a whole world of squalor, rudeness, confused misery and want, yet of nobleness and manfulness withal. It is a type of the man's life, this pitching away of the shoes. An original man; not a second hand, borrowing or begging man. Let us stand on our own basis, at any rate! On such shoes as we ourselves can get. On frost and mud, if you will, but honestly on that; on the reality and substance which Nature gives us, not on the semblance, on the thing she has given another than us!

35 . , . : poor, isolated, hopeless, very miserable. , , , , , , . . , . : as, on the whole, well then, indeed, nay, at all events, like, yet .

, , XIX XX . , , , .

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413


. I'll, won't , , .

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"But I trust, Sir," said Pott, "that I have never abused the enormous power I wield. I trust, Sir, that I have never pointed the noble instrument which is placed in my hands, against the sacred bosom of private life, of the tender breast of individual reputation; I trust,

Sir, that I have devoted my energies to to endeavours humble

they may be, humble I know they are to instil those principles of which are ."

Here the editor of Eatonswill Gazette, appearing to ramble, Mr. Pickwick came to his relief, and said

"Certainly."

414


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XVI , 1, . , .

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1 . . 322.

415


:

It is high time this people had recovered from the passions of war. It is high time that counsel were taken from statesmen, not demagogues It is high time the people of the North and the South

understood each other and adopted means to inspire confidence in each other.1

- :

The South will not secede again. That was her great folly folly against her own interest, not wrong against you.2

, , , , . , , , , , , . :

For Burns exalted our race, he hallowed Scotland and the Scottish tongue. Before his time we had for a long period been scarcely recognised; we had been falling out of the recollection of the world. From the time of the union of the crowns, and still more from the time of the legislative union, Scotland had lapsed into obscurity. Except for an occasional riot or a Jacobite rising, her existence was almost forgotten.3

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1 Famous American Statesmen & Orators, N Y. F. F. Lovell Publishing Company, vol. VI, p. 188 189.

2 T e, p. 186.

3 Orations of British Orators N. Y., P. F. Collier & Son, p. 420.

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We have no fear of the Tory Party. It is not we who want to ban the Tories it is they who want to limit the power of the trade unions, who want the purge and the bans on democratic expression, who control the state machine and the press, whatever party is in power, and who hate and fear democracy.1

(1777 .):

"In just and necessary war to maintain the rights or honour of my country, I would strip the shirt from my back to support it. But in such a war as this, unjust in its principle, impracticable in its means, and ruinous in its consequences, I would not contribute a single effort nor a single shilling. "2

, , .

The South-exhausted by a long war and unusual losses needs peace; desires peace; begs for peace.3

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1 The People will Decide. Speeches at the 24th National Congress of the Communist Party by Harry Pollit, John Gollan, George, Matthews, Published by C. P., London, April 1956, p. 28.

2 A Selection from the World's Great Orations, Chicago, A. C. Mc- Clurg & Co, 1915, p. 108 109.

3"Famous American Statesmen & orators". F. F. Lovell Publishing Company. Vol. VI, N. Y. p. 182.

27 323 417


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:

... the will of the nation is unquestioned; who are you, who am I, that we should dispute it and think ourselves wiser and better thai all our countrymen? Is not the whole nation the mother, whom to disobey is the highest sin?1

, . , , . :

But where does chaos come from? What is the source of slump? What is the driving force of war and aggression? What is the source of poverty and misery?

It is not Communism, but capitalism.2

:

What was Sparta? What was Venice? What was Bern? What was Poland? Merely the fields where the most exclusive aristocracies won name and fame and wealth and territory only to sink their unrecognised subject citizens lower every year in the scale of true nationality.3

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1 Ibid, p. 168.

2 "The people will Decide" p. 28.

3 Famous American Statesmen and Orators, F. F. Lovell Publishing Company, N. Y., vol. VI., p. 166.

418 418


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, (to turn loose-hounds) :

Spain armed herself with blood-hounds to extirpate the wretched natives of America, and we improve on the inhuman example even of Spanish cruelty; we turn loose these savage hell-hounds against our brethren, and countrymen in America, of the same language, laws, liberties and religion, endeared to us by every tie that should sanctify humanity.1

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You have in this town the house in which he died, the "Globe" where we could have wished that some phonograph had then existed which could have communicated to us some of his wise and witty and wayward Talk2

. . : My Lords, Mr. President; Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen; Honourable Members of the House; .

1 A Selection from the World's Great Orations, p. 114.

2 . Orations of British Orators P. F. Collier & Son, p.N. Y., 409.

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, . , , Dear friends, my friends Mark you! Mind! . , .

NOT GUILTY

by Robert Blakhford.

In defending the Bottom Dog I do not deal with hard science only; but with the dearest faiths, the oldest wrongs and the most awful relationships of the great human family, for whose good I strive and to whose judgment I appeal. Knowing, as I do, how the hardworking and hard-playing public shun laborious thinking and serious writing, and how they hate to have their ease disturbed or their prejudices handled rudely, I still make bold to undertake this task, because of the vital nature of the problems I shall probe.

The case for the Bottom Dog should touch the public heart to the quick, for it affects the truth of our religions, the justice of our laws and the destinies of our children and our children's children. Much golden eloquence has been squandered in praise of the successful and the good; much stern condemnation has been vented upon the wicked. I venture now to plead for those of our poor brothers and sisters who are accursed of Christ and rejected of men.





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