3. The train .. leave at 5.15.
a) could; b) had to; c) must; d) was to.
4. It `s raining. You .. put on your raincoat.
a) have to; b) must; c) will be able to; d) can.
5. She .. help. Everything has been already done.
a) doesnt have to; b) cant; c) neednt; d) shouldnt.
6. He hasnt seen you and he ..
a) wont; b) shant; c) wouldnt; d) mustnt.
7. He .. rather listen to the others than talk himself.
a) should; b) has to; c) must; d) would.
8. She .. sit for hours watching the ships.
a) could; b) would; c) might; d) was able to.
9. He .. never come here again. Ill take care of it.
a) shall; b) will; c) can; d) must.
10. You .. be afraid of him. Hes a kind old man.
a) shant; b) wont; c) shouldnt; d) wouldnt.
11. You . learn all the new words for the next lesson.
a) must; b) can; c) will be able to; d) are to.
12. He asked if he .. borrow my car.
a) can; b) could; c) may; d) might.
13. He .. worry about her.
a) neednt; b) shouldnt; c) mustnt; d) wouldnt.
14. .. I take your book? I `m afraid not: I need it.
a) can; b) could; c) may; d) must.
5. 䳺.
1. The meeting .. begin at 5 oclock. Dont be late.
a) has to; b) is to; c) should; d) must.
2. It was raining hard and we .. wait until it stopped raining.
a) had to; b) were to; c) should; d) must.
3. .. I go there right now? Yes, you ..
a) can; b) must; c) may; d) should.
4. .. I help you? No, you .., Ill do everything myself.
a) can, cant; b) need, neednt; c) must, mustnt; d) should, shouldnt.
5. The question .. be solved before we begin doing anything.
a) can; b) may; c) is to; d) must.
6. Children, have you been playing with my umbrella? It .. open!
a) cant; b) shouldnt; c) wont; d) neednt.
7. He was so weak that he .. lift his head.
a) cant; b) couldnt; c) isnt able to; d) wouldnt.
8. He is much better and .. walk without my help now.
a) may; b) must; c) has to; d) can.
9. Yesterday `s rain spoilt my hat completely. I .. buy a new one.
a) could; b) must; c) had to; d) ought to.
10. Children .. play with matches.
a) arent; b) mustnt; c) shouldnt; d) neednt.
11. I knocked more than once but she .. let me in.
a) couldnt; b) shouldnt; c) mustnt; d) wouldnt.
12. There .. be a discussion later on.
a) was to; b) had to; c) must; d) should.
13. Tomorrow I shall be free and .. help you.
a) can; b) may; c) shall be able to; d) shall be allowed to.
14. It stopped raining, and mother told us that we .. go out.
a) could; b) might; c) were able to; d) had to.
Lesson 13
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: (general questions), (special questions), (alternative questions) (disjunctive questions).
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, yes n:
| D you like this part of the country? | ? |
䳺, , 䳺:
| Are you coming tonight? | pi? |
| Have you helped your mother through all these years? | ? |
| Shall I tell it to you? | ? |
| Can I help you? | . |
| Does she sing at all? | ? |
:
1. 䳺 to be ( to have) Present Past Indefinite, .
| s he here? | ³ ? |
| Have you any relations? | ? |
2. ̳ 䳺 :
| Did you ever see a cow like that? | - ? |
. who ; what , , where , ; how many .
:
) , ;
) .
, : 䳺, , 䳺, :
| Where do you live? | ? |
| How did you meet her? | ? |
| What did you do this afternoon? | ? |
| How long have you known him? | ? |
, , , , 䳺 to do Present Indefinite Past Indefinite . , , , , :
| Who goes to the cinema? | ? |
, , :
| Whose children are playing in the yard? | ? |
. , ' r. , . , :
| Where does he live: in Kyiv or in Poltava? | : ? |
| Is he a doctor or an enginr? | ³ ? |
, 䳺 . :
| Do you work there or does your brother? My brother does. | ? - ̳ |
. , , , , , 䳺. 䳺 Present Indefinite Past Indefinite ( 䳺 to be to have), 䳺 to do.
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, , . , , , , , :
| You have brought your luggage with you, havent you? | , ? |
| You haven't seen him yet, have you? | , ? |
| But she loves you, doesn'tshe? | , ? |
| didn't say that, did I? | , ? |
| You want some money, don't you? | , ? |
13.1
1. .
1. You live in a big house. 2. He reads much. 3. He worked much yesterday. 4. She will take this book from the library tomorrow. 5. My brother studied English last year. 6. My friends will go to the canteen in 2 hours. 7. Ann and Nick came to Moscow last year.
2. who what.
1. says that? 2. do you say? 3. do you study? 4. studies well? 5. do you like? 6. wants to take this pen? 7. opens the window?
3. , .
1. No, there were no mistakes in his dictation. 2. Yes, the Volga is a wide river. 3. No, the museum is not on this side of the street. 4. No, he doesnt remember the meaning of that word. 5. He lives here. 6. No, the answer was wrong.
4. .
1. The boy studies well. 2. My brother traveled by bus last summer. 3. We like our dinner. 4. I shall listen to the radio. 5. Ann reads a book in the library. 6. We go to the Institute every day. 7. They will see this film next week.
5. , .
1. You will travel by train, ? 2. They are not in town, ? 3. We shall see you tomorrow, ? 4. You dont know her, ?
6. .
1. Did you get up at 7 o'clock yesterday?(8) 2. Is the door red? (green) 3. Do you watch TV every day? (go to the library) 4. Do you like folk music? (rock) 5. Will you go to the south? (your friend) 6. Is it 1000 miles from your town to Kiev? (700) 7. Did you watch a comedy last week? (thriller)
Lesson 14
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IJ
䳺 (the Active Voice) (the Passive Voice).
' 䳿, 䳺- :
| My brother wrotethis letter yesterday. | ̳ . |
' 䳿, 䳺- :
| This letter was written yesterday. | . |
䳺 to be 䳺 䳺.
) Present (Past, Future) Indefinite Passive 䳺 to be Present (Past, Future) Indefinite 䳺 (Past Participle) 䳺.
| Present Indefinite Passive: | I am examined. He (she, it) isexamined. We (you, they) are examined. |
| Past Indefinite Passive: | I (he, she, it) was examined. We (you, they) were examined. |
| Future Indefinite Passive: | I (we) shall be examined. He (she, it, you, they) will be examined. |
) Present (Past) Continuous Passive 䳺 to be Present (Past) Continuous 䳺 䳺. Future Continuous .
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| Present Continuous Passive: | I am being examined. He (she, it) is being examined. We (you, they) are being examined. |
| Past Continuous Passive: | I (he, she, it) was being examined. We (you, they) were being examined. |
) Present (Past, Future) Perfect Passive 䳺 to be Present (Past, Future) Perfect 䳺 䳺:
| Present Perfect Passive: | I (we, you, they) have been examined. He (she, it) has been examined. |
| Past Perfect Passive: | I (he, she, it, we, you, they) had been examined. |
| Future Perfect Passive: | I (we) shall have been examined. He (she, it, you, they) will have been examined. |
) Future Indefinite-in-the-Past Passive Future Perfect-in-the-Past Passive , Future Indefinite Passive Future Perfect Passive, 䳺 shall/will should/would:
| Future Indefinite-in-the-Past Passive: | I (we) should be examined. He (she, it, you, they) would be examined. |
| Future Perfect-in-the-Past Passive: | I (we) should have been examined. He (she, it, you, they) would have been examined. |
Perfect Continuous .
, Indefinite, Continuous Perfect, 14.1 ( it, a letter, a book, a novel, a poem).
14.1
| Present | Past | Future | Future in-the-Past | |
| Indefinite | It is written | It was written | It will be written | It would be written |
| Continuous | It is being written | It was being written | - | - |
| Perfect | It has been written | It had been written | It will have been written | It would have been written |
䳺 :
| Where wasthis book published? | ? |
䳺 䳺:
| Hasthe house been built? | ? |
| When willthe telegram be sent? | ? |
not 䳺:
| was not sentthere. | . |
䳺 not 䳺:
| The bridge has notyet been built. | ̳ . |
- 䳺 ( 䳺 ) , not .
| Isthe letter not written? | ? |
| Hasthe telegram not been sent? | ? |
, , :
will be asked = He'll be asked. .
I've been examined. .
She won't be sent there. .
, (. ).
, Indefinite , , , , 䳿 .
| This museum is visitedevery day. | . |
| Today English is written, spoken, broadcastand understoodon every continent. | , , , . |
| Iron is attractedby magnet. | . |
| I'll go there if I am invited. | , . |
| The ball was foundin the yard. | ' . |
| This wasusually saidin the Doctor's presence. | . |
| The text will be translated into Ukrainian. | - . |
| This youll never be told. | . |
Continuous , , , .
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| A multistoreyed house is being builtnear our school. | . |
| A new wide road was being finishedthat would go over the mountains and down to the bridge. | , . |
Perfect , , , 䳿 , . , , Present Perfect Passive, 䳿, :
| The windows havestill not been repaired. | ³ . |
| The book has been translatedinto Ukrainian. | . |
| I was thinking of all thathad been said. | , . |
| He led her to an old-fashioned house which had been builtlong ago. | ³ , . |
| But it was too late. Shehad been seen. | . . |
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous, , Present Perfect Past Perfect Passive.
| The plan has been discussedfor two hours. | . |
| I knew that the plant had been builtfor two years. | , . |
14.1
1. 䳺-.
1. The books were taken from the central library. 2. An interesting problem was discussed at the lecture. 3. The newspapers are usually brought in the morning. 4. When was the Moscow University founded? 5. All the work will be done by automatic machinery. 6. The experiments will be completed by the end of the week. 7. He was asked many questions at the exam.
2. .
1. The students are asked many questions at the lessons. 2. She is often visited by her friends. 3. The students of our group will be shown a new film tomorrow. 4. Your letter was answered yesterday.
3. , 䳺 Present, Past Future Indefinite Passive.
1. Bread (to eat) every day. 2. The letter (to receive) yesterday. 3. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday. 4. I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday. 5. Many houses (to build) in our town every year. 6. This work (to do) tomorrow. 7. This text (to translate) at the last lesson. 8. These trees (to plant) last autumn. 9. Many interesting games always (to play) at our PT lessons. 10. This bone (to give) to my dog tomorrow. 11. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday. 12. My question (to answer) yesterday. 13. Hockey (to play) in winter. 14. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn. 15. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London. 16. His new book (to finish) next year. 17. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets. 18.St.Petersburg (to found) in 1703.
4. Passive Voice.
1. A marble pavilion protects the house. 2. The boys will paint the roof of the house. 3. Her daughters gave her three dishes as a birthday present. 4. Our mother tells us children stories every evening. 5. A boy showed her the way. 6. They will send us a box of fruit. 7. Five or six small children followed them. 8. We shall do the translation in the evening.
5. .
1. In this lesson special attention is paid to the translation of passive constructions. 2. I am often helped by my brother. 3. The letter will be answered at once. 4. If Im not mistaken this book is often referred to. 5. The secretary was sent for. 6. The house wasnt lived in. 7. The bed isnt slept in. 8. The new grammar rule will be asked at the next lesson. 9. English is spoken in many countries. 10. The children of Sparta were given a military education.
6. 䳺-. .
1. When I came to Baku in 1962 the first metro line was being built. 2. What questions are being discussed now? 3. They are organizing this kind of work at their laboratory. 4. He was being told the news when I entered the room. 5. I cant understand what he is saying. 6. Professor N. was being listened to with great attention. 7. Who is being examined now? 8. I dont know what books he is reading. 9. The experiments were still being made in some laboratories when the new term began. 10. Can you tell me, who is sitting next to you? 11. All the way home he was being followed by a strange-looking man. 12. A new deep-level tunnel was being completed in London. 13. Numerous questions are being considered by the commission.
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7. , 䳺 Continuous Active Passive.
1. They (to study) the subject when I joined them. 2. According to the information we have the plan (to carry out) successfully. 3. The last telegrams (to type) now. 4. ..the negotiations still (to conduct)? According to the press they (to come) to an end. 5. If you want to have this book go to the shop at once. It (to sell) there now. 6. What (to happen) in the library now? New books (to discuss). 7. The teacher told that the students were not attentive when the rule (to explain). 8. All necessary information (to store) in the computer. 9. The problem of the future of human civilization on the Earth (research) steadily by the scientists throughout the world.
8. 䳺-. .
1. The temperature has been maintained at the point of 20 degrees since the beginning of the experiment. 2. The new apparatus had already been installed when the delegation arrived. 3. He has been interested in history since his childhood. 4. The explanation of these strange facts hasnt been received by the evening. 5. From his early childhood Pierre Curie had been fascinated by science. 6. Dinner will have been cooked by the time you return. 7. The bed had not been lain on.
9. .
1. English is spoken in Great Britain, USA and throughout the world. 2. The article was being translated when somebody knocked at the door. 3. This rule is usually taken no notice of. 4. The newspaper has been looked for every where but in vain. It has not been found. 5. He was offered an interesting book to read. 6. These books were being read when I came in. 7. He will be given any assistance in this work. 8. The book had been promised to me before it appeared on sale. 9. Its the achievement which will be much spoken about. 10. The flat had not been moved into before you arrived. 11. He was offered a cup of tea. 12. All the way home he was being followed by a strange looking man in black tophat. 13. During the discussion they were offered the latest design of a TV set. 14. These difficulties have been reported previously.
10. Passive Voice, .
1. They showed us some new devices. 2. They gave him a week to complete the experiment. 3. He told me the news yesterday. 4. They taught her English at school. 5. They pay them twice a month. 6. He told me some new facts about his investigation. 7. She gave me no time to think about it. 8. He promised me the book a long time ago. 9. The supervisor helps the graduate student in many ways.
11. Passive Voice.
1. You should open the wine about three hours before you use it. 2. Previous climbers had cut steps in the ice. 3. Somebody had cleaned my shoes and brushed my suit. 4. We use this room only on special occasions. 5. You must not hammer nails into the walls without permission. 6. Someone switched on a light and opened the door. 7. Somebody had slashed the picture with a knife. 8. They are pulling down the old theatre. 9. Why didnt they mend the roof before it fell in? 10. The librarian said that they were starting a new system because people were not returning books. 11. The police asked each of us about his movements on the night of the crime. 12. People must not leave bicycles in the hall. 13. Members may keep the book for three weeks. After that they must return them. 14. The burglars had cut an enormous hole in the steel door. 15. Someone has already told him about it. 16. They rang the church bells as a flood warning. 17. No one can do anything unless someone gives us more information. 18. People are spending far more money on food now than they spent ten years ago. 19. They will say nothing more about the matter if someone returns the stolen gun. 20. It is high time someone told him to stop behaving like a child. 21. A thief stole my dog and brought him back only when I offered £20 reward for him. 22. The judge gave him two weeks in which to pay the fine. 23. They make these artificial flowers of silk.
12. Passive Voice, ᒺ 䳿.
1.
They gave her a clock.
She was given a clock.
2.
They advised employing part-time workers.
They advised that part-time workers should be employed.
1. They feed the seals at the zoo twice a day. 2. Who wrote it? 3. Compare clothes, which we have washed with clothes, which any other laundry has washed. 4. He expected us to offer him the job. 5. They showed her the easiest way to do it. 6. Lightning struck the old oak. 7. An uneasy silence succeeded the shot. 8. The lawyer gave him his uncles will. 9. Most people opposed this. 10. Students are doing a lot of the work. 11. They recommended opening new factories in the depressed area. (Use should.) 12. Anyone with the smallest intelligence could understand these instructions. 13. We will not admit children under sixteen. 14. A rainstorm flooded the gypsies camp. 15. Children couldnt have done all this damage.
